The aim of this study was to use meta-analysis to identify the enteric methane (CH4) mitigation strategy that reduced CH4 emission without lowering production. To this end, a database initially developed was updated, compiling data from 61 publications (233 experiments) for various observations in dairy cattle on effects of hydrogen sink (H-sink), ionophore, lipid and conc...

The Experiments were carried out during the period of July 2001 to December 2002. Infestation of poultry feeds by fungi and aflatoxins content in feeds were determined. Ten feed samples were collected from ten different farms located in three different areas of Bangladesh. Five different fungal species belonging four genera were detected which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusariu...

In this study, 183 livestock feeds and 85 animal manure samples were collected from commercial farms in England and Wales and analysed to determine their heavy metal (zinc, copper, nickel, lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium and mercury) contents. Zinc and copper concentrations ranged from 150±2920 mg Zn/kg dm (dry matter) and 18±217 mg Cu/kg dm in pig feeds, depending on the age of the pigs. In p...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding provides enteral nutrition to patients with neurological dysphagia. Thirty-day mortality rates of 4-26% have been reported, with pneumonia being the common cause post-percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective analysis of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube insertions in Malta (Januar...

The emergence of Google Earth (GE) as an integrative platform for the visualization of geolocated information is presenting the geospatial community with unique application opportunities and corresponding scientific challenges. In this paper we discuss the extension of GE to function as a four-dimensional (x,y,z,t) virtual spatiotemporal environment through the overlay in it of georectified vid...

Glutamine is an important amino acid from a metabolic point of view. As an amino acid and a precursor for other amino acids, it sustains protein synthesis. It is also required for production of nucleotides (pyrimidines) and α-ketoglutarate (αKG). αKG is produced via double deamination of glutamine, a process termed glutaminolysis. Glutamine is first de-aminated by glutaminase (GLS) to produce g...

The method for sulfamethazine using post column derivatization (Associate Referee Robert Smallidge) was adopted First Action in 1999. There are a number of methods which could be readied for collaborative study with relatively little work, i.e., carbadox, ethopabate, lasalocid, or morantel tartrate. In addition to the remarks made for the following Associate Referee topics, readers can refer to...

Mycotoxins are toxic chemicals produced by certain species of molds usually belonging to the Aspergillus, Penicillium or Fusarium genera. The importance of mycotoxins to aquaculture and animal agriculture first became apparent during the early 1960s with outbreaks of aflatoxicosis in young turkeys in the United Kingdom and hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) in the United States...

Leveraging random examiner assignment and detailed patent prosecution data, we nd that nonpracticing entities (NPEs) purchase patents granted by examiners that tend to issue incremental patents with vaguely-worded claims. In comparison, practicing entities purchase a very di erent set of patents, but assert patents similar to those purchased by NPEs. These results show that on average NPEs purc...

As an important constituent of animal feeds, fiber represents the portion of feeds that is bulky and difficult to digest. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) method, developed over 30 years ago, is the method of choice for measuring total fiber in forages and other feeds. Several modifications that were made to improve its general applicability to all feeds and others developed in individual labo...