Temperature stabilization is important in many microelectronic devices due to thermal constraints on device operation and lifetime. The work described here is an investigation of thermoelectric phenomena in bipolar devices, speci£cally the p-n diode. Current injection can modify the Peltier coef£cient at interfaces; this can give rise to thermoelectric cooling or heating depending on device par...

Urban flooding is a primary concern in all developed areas. Understanding what factors contribute to the magnitude and frequency of flooding is of primary importance when designing an engineering system to mitigate flooding. To understand the effect of impervious area versus the role of the storm drainage system in urban flooding, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydr...

Recently, Zou, Janel, and Schatz sreferred to as ZJS belowd have described remarkably narrow plasmon resonances in linear arrays of silver nanospheres. Without questioning the novelty and significance of these results, I would like to point out that the above-referenced paper contains two incorrect statements. The first statement is about my previous work. Namely, ZJS write that in a previous s...

Peritonitis results from any local trigger of inflammation. titis, congestive heart failure, metastatic malignant disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and lymphedema and, rarely, in Usually infection is the trigger, although infection may not necessarily be present at the earliest stage. For example, sterile adults with no underlying disease [3]. The presence of ascites appears to be the comm...

Due to a great amount of web-stored texts, the text mining area has been coming through a series of studies in order to optimize the automatic classification of texts. In this context, this study is aimed at testing a technique to assess the weight of terms named random-walk and applying it to Portuguese language texts. This technique uses the co-occurrence of the terms as a measure between the...

-We consider utility-constrained Markov decision processes. The expected utility of the total discounted reward is maximized subject to multiple expected utility constraints. By introducing a corresponding Lagrange function, a saddle-point theorem of the utility constrained optimization is derived. The existence of a constrained optimal policy is characterized by optimal action sets specified w...