In this paper we introduce multi-label ferns, and apply this technique for automatic classification of musical instruments in audio recordings. We compare the performance of our proposed method to a set of binary random ferns, using jazz recordings as input data. Our main result is obtaining much faster classification and higher F-score. We also achieve substantial reduction of the model size.

Ferns are, evolutionarily, in a pivotal position between bryophytes and seed plants (Pryer et al., 2001). Fern gametophytes, like bryophytes, have no vascular system and live on substrate surfaces as small individual plants. However, fern sporophytes do have a vascular system enabling more vertical growth than the gametophytes, and resulting in a larger herbaceous plant form. The origins of pla...

Indonesia is a tropical country that has high plant biodiversity. One of the groups are rich in species ferns. Ferns still exist until now and estimated at 10.000 species, which 3.000 grown out Indonesia. Watumbolo forest located South West Sumba, with average temperature ranges from 21-34°C, therefore varians types plants grow well this forest, including The aim study was to identify ferns fou...

The endotransglucosylase action of the enzyme xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) was localized in the roots of diverse vascular plants: club-mosses (lycopodiophytes), ferns, gymnosperms, monocots, and dicots. High action was always found in the epidermis cell wall of the elongation zone and in trichoblasts in the differentiation zone. Clearly XTH and its action in root development ...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Relationships of leaf size and shape (physiognomy) with climate have been well characterized for woody non-monocotyledonous angiosperms (dicots), allowing the development of models for estimating paleoclimate from fossil leaves. More recently, petiole width of seed plants has been shown to scale closely with leaf mass. By measuring petiole width and leaf area in fossils, le...

Motivated by studies suggesting that the stomata of ferns and lycophytes do not conform to the standard active abscisic acid (ABA) -mediated stomatal control model, we examined stomatal behavior in a conifer species (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) that is phylogenetically midway between the fern and angiosperm clades. Similar to ferns, daytime stomatal closure in response to moderate water stres...