Glucocorticoids Glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol in humans and most mammals, corticosterone in rats, mice and most lower vertebrates) are produced by the adrenal glands, predominantly under the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Receptors for glucocorticoids are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and, when activated by their hormone ligands, regulate ...

According to the concept of D. Barker, intrauterine period is decisive in programming postnatal pathology, which can manifest during life. Among factors fetal programming, microbiota plays an important role, but many aspects are still debatable.Objective: analysis and generalization literary data devoted study association between human body microorganisms, their characteristics pregnancy role h...

The concept of fetal programming, also known as developmental programming, was first hypothesized using human epidemiological data in which environmental stimulus in utero resulted in altered long term development, growth, and disease susceptibility in children from undernourished mothers during the Dutch famine (Barker et al., 1993). Recently, literature regarding the effects of fetal programm...