Background: Although soft markers may be seen as normal variants, they are important due to their association with chromosomal and congenital abnormalities.    Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was done on 3016 women who referred for perinatal care. Fetuses with any of soft markers including thickened nuchal fold (TNF), mild pyelectasis (MP), choroid plexus cyst (C...

Placental insufficiency is associated with fetal hypoglycemia, hypoxemia, and elevated plasma norepinephrine (NE) that become increasingly pronounced throughout the third trimester and contribute to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study evaluated the effect of fetal adrenal demedullation (AD) on growth and pancreatic endocrine cell mass. Placental insufficiency-induced IUGR was cre...

The aim of this study, is to determine whether the fine characteristics of the fetal heart sounds could be used to identify intrauterine growth retarded fetuses. A preliminary evaluation, was conducted to compare these characteristics between intrauterine growth retarded fetuses and normal fetuses in the antenatal period after 36 weeks of gestation. Altogether, 7 IUGR fetuses were compared with...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the fetal lung area and lung area to head circumference ratio (LHR) and lung volume by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in normal fetuses and in fetuses with unilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS In 64 fetuses with CDH at median 26 (range, 20-32) weeks of gestation the contralateral lung volume, lung area and LHR were mea...

The objective of this longitudinal retrospective study was to evaluate differences of the fetal growth and fetal organ growth among singleton small for gestational age (S-SGA), singleton appropriate for gestational age (S-AGA), twin (Tw-AGA), and triplet (Tri-AGA) infants. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 35 S-AGA, 18 S-SGA, 52 Tw-AGA and 12 Tri-AGA fetuses. Circumferences of hea...

Objective This study aims to assess head volume (HV) alterations at 11 to 14 weeks in fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD). Methods A retrospective case-control study on 100 normal and 26 CHD fetuses was conducted. The fetuses had a first trimester scan with volume data sets stored from which HV was calculated. The mean HV and HV as a function of crown-rump length (CRL) in normal fetuses...

objective: a secondary ectopic pregnancy is defined as continuing development of a fetus in the abdominal cavity after rupture of the uterine wall, which may be associated with a history of trauma. methods: a cat was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital of the university of tehran with history of anorexia and vaginal bleeding. in clinical examination some masses werepalpated in abdomina...

the umbilical vein (uv) has a non pulsating and even pattern in normal fetuses. pulsation of uv has been described in severely growth restricted fetuses with chronic hypoxia. we wanted to see whether uv pulsations could also be seen in fetuses with heart deceleration during labor, as an adjunctive measure to assess the intra partum hypoxia. in a prospective study doppler examination was perform...

A quantitative PCR assay was used to quantitate human cytomegalovirus DNA in amniotic fluid of mothers of 21 fetuses with congenital infection. Seven fetuses presented ultrasound abnormalities or were born with symptoms, whereas 14 fetuses were subclinically infected. Although the median DNA level was higher in symptomatic fetuses, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09).

Fetal diffusion MR imaging was performed in 3 fetuses with CHD. ADC values in the periatrial WM, thalamus, and basal ganglia were compared with those in a control population of fetuses. Diffusivity in the periatrial WM and thalamus was higher for the fetuses with CHD compared with controls. These observations support the finding of abnormal in utero brain development in fetuses with CHD.