In this paper, we present an experimental study of the normal stress differences that arise in nonBrownian rigid fiber suspensions subject to a shear flow. While early measurements of the normal stress in fiber suspensions in Newtonian fluids measured only N1 −N2, the recent work of Snook et al. J. Fluid Mech. 758 486 (2014) and the present paper provide the first measurements of N1 and N2 sepa...

We propose a constitutive model to predict the viscosity of fiber suspensions, which undergoes shear thinning, at various volume fractions, aspect ratios, and stresses/rates. calibrate using data from direct numerical simulation prove accuracy by predicting experimental measurements literature. use friction coefficient decreasing with normal load between fibers quantitatively reproduce experime...

In this paper we present a constitutive relation for predicting the rheology of short glass fibers suspended in a polymeric matrix. The performance of the model is assessed through its ability to predict the steady-state and transient shear rheology as well as qualitatively predict the fiber orientation distribution of a short glass fiber (0.5 mm, L/D < 30) filled polypropylene. In this approac...

Cellulosic fibers in aqueous suspensions are subject to flocculation effects that involve two contrasting scales of dimension. The net effect of flocculation determines how uniformly fibers can become formed into a sheet during the manufacture of paper. At a macroscopic level, the highly elongated shape of typical wood-derived fibers in agitated suspensions can give rise to frequent inter-fiber...

the abilities of silybum marianum cell culture to biotransform benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol in three culture systems were compared. callus cultures of silybum marianum were established from seedlings, and healthy suspensions and immobilized cultures grown on the murashige and skoog medium. s. marianum cells were immobilized in both agar beads and fiber cotton matrixes. benzaldehyde was fed to...