As the current crisis has painfully proved, the financial system plays a crucial role in economic development. Although the current crisis is being of an exceptional magnitude, financial crises are recurrent phenomena in modern financial systems. The literature offers several definitions of financial instability, but for our purposes we identity financial crisis with banking crisis as the most ...

in the past few decades, capitalist economic system has witnessed different financial crises the most important of which is the 2008 financial crisis. the crisis had different causes that the main causes are innovations and financial assets without actual backing (real underlying asset) and their developing by financial institutions. namely, financial institutions, especially banks, developed t...

Financial globalization, the integration of countries with the global financial system, has increased substantially since the 1970s and particularly with more force since the 1990s. In fact, the gold standard period of 1880-1914 saw a major wave of financial globalization, as cross-border capital flows surged, incorporating countries in the center and the periphery at that time into a worldwide...

1 The Mexican crisis of 1994 and its unprecedented international spillover through global financial markets signaled the dawn of a new era in capital-markets crises that challenged, and defeated, both economists' theories and practitioners' policies. Around that time, there was heated debate as to whether this crisis differed from previous Mexican crises triggered by fiscal indiscipline and rea...

We build the network of the top 190 Italian quoted companies during the two financial crises of 2008-2009 (US credit crisis) and 2010-2011 (European sovereign debt crisis) and compare its structure to the pre-crises years, using both minimum spanning trees and the full network with thresholds. We also analyze the centrality and compactness of industry sectors. We find a general contraction of t...

The recent episodes of financial turmoil in Mexico, East Asia, Russia, Brazil, and Argentina are often dubbed financial crises. However, the severe downturns in equity markets, abrupt currency devaluations, and massive capital flight that characterize these events can still be deemed compatible with efficient and functioning financial markets. Thus, why is a financial crisis a “crisis?” To answ...

or insolvent. Such crises have recurred throughout the history of capitalism. A collapse in investor confidence, usually after a period of market euphoria, marks such crises—examples include the Dutch tulip mania crisis of 1637–38, the Indian cotton futures market crash of 1866, and the Great Depression of 1929. When foreign lenders are involved, cross-border payments problems arise as well. Th...

In the last twenty years, countries throughout the world have experienced severe bouts of financial instability. Banking crises have become so common that it is the rare country that has not experienced one, while full-scale financial crises have struck some economies with devastating effects. Financial instability, although a particularly severe problem for emerging-market countries which suff...