background : near infrared spectroscopy imaging is one of the new techniques used for investigating structural and functionality of different body tissues. this is done by injecting light into the medium and measuring the photon intensity at the surface of the tissue. method : in this paper the different medical applications, various imaging and simulation techniques of nirs imaging is describe...

Numerous techniques have been presented by different researchers to analyze piled raft. In order to analyze pile foundation, soil can be modeled as spring, continuous medium, or porous media. Pile can also be modeled as spring or continuous medium. This study includes three main stages: a short description of different types of analysis methods of pile foundation, writing a computer program bas...

The paper presents a numerical model using finite element method to calculate the magnetic field produced by current through a helical turn, whose thickness is comparable to the winding radius. The magnetic field was determined for helical turn considering homogeneous-linear and inhomogeneous-nonlinear medium, using the finite element software package Vector Field Opera. It analyzes the numeric...

The solid/fluid interface appears in many ultrasonic measurement systems. Models for the system must take account of the interface. Analytical models for wave phenomena at the interface (especially curved interfaces) are either difficult or subject to severe approximation. The finite element method is ideal for this especially when the problem domain is bounded. A survey of this subject has bee...

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

We discuss medium modifications of the unitarized pion-pion interaction in the nuclear medium. We incorporate both the effects of chiral symmetry restoration and the influence of collective nuclear pionic modes originating from the p-wave coupling of the pion to delta-hole configurations. We show in particular that the dropping of the sigma meson mass significantly enhances the low energy struc...

Results of a numerical study on the finite amplitude global perturbations inducing transition to turbulence in pipe flow are reported. The aim of this analysis is to characterise the basin of attraction of the basic Hagen-Poiseuille flow (which is believed to be lineary stable for all Reynolds numbers Re) by means of the minimal amplitude of an initial global perturbation triggering transition....

In this paper G denotes a finite group. A subset A of G is called a basis of G if A2 = G, where A2 = (ab 1 a, b E A }. The minimal cardinality of a basis of G will be denoted by v(G). The problem of estimating r(G) for cyclic groups was first proposed by I. Schur and various bounds were obtained by Rohrbach [Rl], Moser [M], Stohr [S], Klotz [K], and others. In [R2], Rohrbach dealt with bases fo...