We introduce an algorithmic model of heat conduction, the thermodynamic graph. The thermodynamic graph is analogous to meshes in the finite difference method in the sense that the calculation of temperature is carried out at the vertices of the graph, and the edges indicate the direct heat exchange between the vertices. Recurrence relations of heat conduction in graph are derived without using ...

Abstract In Newtonian mechanics, time and space are perceived as absolute entities. Einstein’s relativity theory, is frame dependent. Time also affected by gravitational field the varies in space, throughout space. present article, thermodynamic-based investigated. macroscopic view of thermodynamics, energy conserved every system or process. On other hand, exergy (availability) not can be destr...

We derive the general probability distribution function of stochastic work for quantum Otto engines in which both isochoric and driving processes are irreversible due to finite time duration. The time-dependent fluctuations, average work, thermodynamic efficiency explicitly obtained a complete cycle operating with an analytically solvable two-level system. effects irreversibility originating fr...

We analyze the effect of a finite volume on the thermodynamic potentials of a relativistic quantum field theory defined on a hypertorus at vanishing chemical potential. Using the symmetries of the Euclidean partition function, we interpret the thermodynamic observables as the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor in the same theory living on a β×L2 volume. In the case where the screen...

The properties of statistical ensembles with abelian charges close to the thermodynamic limit are discussed. The finite volume corrections to the probability distributions and particle density moments are calculated. Results are obtained for statistical ensembles with both exact and average charge conservation. A new class of variables (semi–intensive variables) which differ in the thermodynami...