English has served as a means of communication among speakers of different first languages (i.e. a lingua franca) for many centuries. Yet its present spread and use are so new that English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) in its current global manifestation did not exist as recently as 1946 when this Journal was launched. During the 20 years or so since it was first identified and empirically researche...

In this paper, I argue that the English language is rightly assumed to be the lingua franca in scientific communication. I support this argument by providing three different parameters for recognizing this status. All these evidences are based on the worldwide utility of the word “uneventful.” Finally, I make the tentative suggestion that all developing countries should, while routinely teachin...

When English became lingua franca, a significant change in the language of scientific publication in Central and Eastern European countries occurred; many journals instead of the local language, and German, French or Russian used English. The shift occurred due to the intention of both the journal editors and contributors to achieve international recognition and inclusion of the journal in pres...

In this article,. I will discuss the position of English as an international language, as a lingua franca in Europe. I will do this from the perspective of a non-native speaker of English, and this is indeed the most relevant perspective if we want to discuss the question 'which English for Europe?', because it is non-native speakers who know and experience what kind of problems they encounter ...

Introduction: developmental oral lesions represent a group of normal lesions that can be found at birth or evident in later life. These lesions include fissured and geographic tongue, Fordyce’s granules and leukoedema. Study aims: to investigate the prevalence of some developmental oral mucosal lesions among dental patients wearing dentures who were attending college of dentistry clinics in Alj...

Introduction As both Hiragana and Katakana are syllabic scripts, their characters are usually not suitable for representing the precise pronunciation of foreign words, particularly which have any consonant cluster or closed syllable. However in some special areas, there are extended kana characters to represent the pronunciation of such words more precisely. This report, as an example, picks up...

1492 Journal of Chemical Education • Vol. 77 No. 11 November 2000 • JChemEd.chem.wisc.edu The purpose of this article is to comment on the pedagogical ramifications of the recently claimed observation of d orbitals and the way in which these results were first announced and subsequently reported (1–6 ). Atomic orbitals—their use in writing electronic configurations and as a means of rationalizi...

pddl was originally conceived and constructed as a lingua franca for the International Planning Competition. pddl2.1 embodies a set of extensions intended to support the expression of something closer to “real planning problems.” This objective has only been partially achieved, due in large part to a deliberate focus on not moving too far from classical planning models and solution methods.

During the course of the last century, English has gained acceptance as the lingua franca in science. A transition from a ‘national’ science model to a ‘transnational’ model – in which English is used – has been described in Spain and other non-English-speaking countries. This new model is reinforced in Spain through science policy measures oriented to enhance international visibility. However,...

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is an uncommon disorder which is presented by a triad of lip swelling, facial nerve palsy, and a fissured tongue. A number of treatments have been reported for this syndrome with variable outcomes. We have reported a 38-year-old female patient with lower lip swelling and a fissured tongue on clinical examination. She was also suffering from facial nerve paralysis s...