Waste residues produced by agricultural and forestry industries can generate energy and are regarded as a promising source of sustainable fuels. Pyrolysis, where waste biomass is heated under low-oxygen conditions, has recently attracted attention as a means to add value to these residues. The material is carbonized and yields a solid product known as biochar. In this study, eight types of biom...

The first proof that heterotrophic, non-photosynthetic bacteria can fix carbon dioxide was presented in 1935 by Wood and Werkman (15). This investigation introduced the first experimental evidence that carbon dioxide serves as a building material in synthetic reactions of all forms of life, whether simple or complex. The synthesis of citric acid from oxalacetate by avian tissue was shown by Kre...

Monomers in the polymer-based provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials form polymer network as carbon-carbon double bonds are converted to carbon-carbon single bonds during polymerization. This reaction is not complete. There will be a certain amount of monomer remaining in the resin materials. This is influenced by several factors, such as type of monomer, curing temperature, expo...

Carbon and nitrogen uptake in a microbial community comprising bacteria and microalgae in a sandy marine sediment under nutrient-limited and -replete conditions was studied using a mesocosm approach. After 2 wk of incubation, a pulse of HCO3 and NH4 was added to the mesocosms, and subsequent uptake of 13C and 15N by bacteria and microphytobenthos (MPB) was traced by analysis of 13C and 15N inco...

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of partial carbon or glass fiber reinforcement on the flexural properties of All-on-Four provisional fixed denture base resin. The carbon or glass fibers were woven (3% by weight) together in three strands and twisted and tightened between the two abutments in a figure-of-"8" pattern. Four types of specimens were fabricated for the three-point loa...

Storage of newly fixed carbon as starch and sucrose follows a regular daily pattern in exporting sugar beet leaves under constant day length and level of illumination. Up to the final two hours of the light period, when starch storage declines, a nearly constant proportion of newly fixed carbon was allocated to carbohydrate storage, principally starch. Sucrose is stored only early in the light ...

Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation. Allocation of newly fixed carbon to foliar starch accumulation was nearly completely inhibited, being decreased by the same amount as net carbon fixation. In contrast, decreasing net carbon fixation in untreated leaves by ...

Plant root exudates contain various organic and inorganic components that include glucose, citric and oxalic acid. These components affect rhizosphere microbial and microfaunal activities, but the mechanisms are not fully known. Studies concerned from degraded grassland ecosystems with low soil carbon (C) contents are rare, in spite of the global distribution of grasslands in need of restoratio...