Complex flagellar filaments are unusual in their fine structure composed of flagellin dimers, in their right-handed helicity, and in their rigidity, which prevents a switch of handedness. The complex filaments of Rhizobium lupini H13-3 and those of Sinorhizobium meliloti are composed of three and four flagellin (Fla) subunits, respectively. The Fla-encoding genes, named flaA through flaD, are s...

Cancers develop metabolic strategies to cope with their microenvironment often characterized by hypoxia, limited nutrient bioavailability and exposure to anticancer treatments. Among these strategies, the metabolic symbiosis based on the exchange of lactate between hypoxic/glycolytic cancer cells that convert glucose to lactate and oxidative cancer cells that preferentially use lactate as an ox...

In previous work, at least 10 discrete cistrons involved in the synthesis of flagella in Escherichia coli were described. Six cistrons were located between his and uvrC on the genetic map. These were referred to as hag, flaA, flaB, flaC, flaD, and flaE. Four cistrons referred to as mot, flaG, flaH, and flaI were located between uvrC and aroD. In order to determine whether these genes are organi...

The field performance of a geotechnical structures including its failure mechanism should be evaluated in detail before construction in order to minimize the possibility of potential failure. In this paper, the application of soil nailing system is documented in a detailed based on case study in the north of Tehran, Iran. The total excavation depth for a 15 storey residual building wall brought...

OBJECTIVE In this study, a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communication based on G.729 protocol was simulated to determine the effects of this system on acoustic perturbation parameters of normal and pathological voice signals. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty recordings of normal voice and 48 recordings of pathological voice affected by laryngeal paralysis were transmitted through a VoIP comm...

Received Jan 21, 2018 Revised Mar 18, 2018 Accepted Mar 29, 2018 In recent years, multichannel audio systems are widely used in modern sound devices as it can provide more realistic and engaging experience to the listener. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of three lossy, i.e. AAC, Ogg Vorbis, and Opus, and three lossless compression, i.e. FLAC, TrueAudio, and WavPack, for multic...

Preparatory heart rate deceleration occurs in tasks with an external focus of attention and is often assumed to facilitate balance performance. However, its effects upon sport-related complex balance movements have not been studied. Heart rate patterns during the preparation period of an acrobatic element (flic-flac) on the balance beam were studied in 14 female gymnasts (M age 13.2 years). A s...

pML31, a plasmid chimera constructed to contain the replication genes of an Flac plasmid, has been studied by electron microscope methods. Heteroduplex analysis shows that the only F sequence present in pML31 is that with corrdinates 40.3-49.3F. This region has previously been identified as essential for plasmid maintenance. The sequence of pML31, which was derived originally from R6-5, carries...