The authors describe flatfoot, as one of very frequent deformities in everyday medical practice. A special condition of the deformity associated with a calcaneal valgus position and complicated by a knee valgus position (as a consequence of non-treatment) is described. Also, the precise anatomy of the longitudinal foot arches (medial and lateral), definition and classification of the deformity,...

Background Flatfoot deformity is a common condition, characterized by a collapse of the medial foot arch. Specific muscle dysfunctions relate to kinematic changes of the hind foot (plantarflexion, abduction and valgus) inducing the onset of flatfoot deformity. However, to determine a causal relation between individual muscle action, foot bone motion and flatfoot, in vitro experiments are needed...

BACKGROUND The timing and strategy of treatment for flatfoot still remain controversial. It is a difficult problem when facing severe adolescent flexible flatfoot because a single procedure cannot realign flatfoot deformity effectively. METHODS We reviewed 13 adolescent flexible flatfoot patients who underwent double calcaneal osteotomy during May 2012 to June 2015. The mean age of patients w...

Posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) dysfunction (PTTD) is associated with adult acquired flatfoot deformity. PTTD is commonly treated with a flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer (FDLTT) to the navicular (NAV), medial cuneiform (CUN), or distal residuum of the degraded PTT (rPTT). We assessed the kinetic and kinematic outcomes of these three attachment sites using cadaveric gait simulation....

Purpose. To investigate the effect of cuboid osteotomy lateral column lengthening (LCL) for the correction of stage II B adult-acquired flatfoot deformity in cadaver. Methods. Six cadaver specimens were loaded to 350 N. Flatfoot models were established and each was evaluated radiographically and pedobarographically in the following conditions: (1) intact foot, (2) flatfoot, and (3) cuboid osteo...

BACKGROUND A talus control foot orthosis (TCFO) combines an inverted rigid foot orthosis (RFO) with a broad upright portion that rises well above the navicular to cover and protect the talonavicular joint. We sought to identify the therapeutic effect of TCFOs in children with flexible flatfoot. METHODS Flexible flatfoot was diagnosed in 40 children when either of the feet had greater than 4° ...

Computational models of the foot/ankle complex were developed to predict the biomechanical consequences of surgical procedures that correct for stage II adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Cadaveric leg and foot bony anatomy was captured by CT imaging in neutral flexion and imported to the modeling software. Ligaments were approximated as tension only springs attached at insertion sites. Muscle ...

Flexible flatfoot is a common deformity in pediatric and adult populations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the functional and radiographic results of subtalar arthroereisis in adult patients with symptomatic flexible flatfoot. We included 26 feet in 16 patients who underwent subtalar arthroereisis for symptomatic flexible flatfoot. Radiographic examination included calcaneal inclination an...

BACKGROUND The hindfoot moment arm is a reliable measurement of hindfoot valgus deformity in stage II adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) and can be used to guide intraoperative correction of the hindfoot. There is currently little understanding of how the hindfoot moment arm relates to angular measurements of hindfoot alignment. The purpose of this study was to develop a new hindfoot alig...

foot, also known as posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, continues to be an intriguing subject that has received considerable attention from researchers and clinicians over the past decade. Recent publications from multiple disciplines have enabled podiatric physicians to modify or even change their approach to evaluation and treatment of this common disorder. Adult-acquired flatfoot is defined...