This paper presents parallel kinematic XY flexure mechanism designs based on systematic constraint patterns that allow large ranges of motion without causing over-constraint or significant error motions. Key performance characteristics of XY mechanisms such as mobility, cross-axis coupling, parasitic errors, actuator isolation, drive stiffness, lost motion, and geometric sensitivity are discuss...

This paper proposes a novel analytical model for flexure-based proportion compliant mechanisms. The displacement and stiffness calculations of such flexure-based compliant mechanisms are formulated based on the principle of virtual work and pseudo rigid body model(PRBM). According to the theory and method, a set of closed-form equations are deduced in this paper, which incorporate the stiffness...

Unravelling the burial-deformation history of sedimentary rocks is prerequisite information to understand regional tectonic, sedimentary, thermal, and fluid-flow evolution foreland basins. We use a combination microstructural analysis, stylolites paleopiezometry, paleofluid geochemistry reconstruct Meso-Cenozoic carbonate sequence Cingoli Anticline (Northern Apennines, central Italy). Four majo...

This paper presents the effect of the accuracies of flexure hinge compliance equations (the accuracies vary with a geometrical ratio, t/R of a hinge) on the output compliances of RRR and 3-RRR micro-motion stages. Closed-form output compliance models of the stages are derived (with flexure hinge compliances as one of the variables) to investigate the aforementioned effect. The output compliance...

INTRODUCTION Volvulus of the splenic flexure (VSF) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction (1). Patients usually present with recurrent episodes of intestinal obstruction and there is a slight female preponderance. The affected patients usually have identifiable risk factors including previous surgery involving mobilization of the splenic flexure with resultant adhesions, congenital absence o...

BACKGROUND The treatment of colon cancer located in splenic flexure is not standardized. Laparoscopic approach is still considered a challenging procedure. This study reviews two Institutions experience in laparoscopic treatment of left colonic flexure cancer. Intraoperative, pathologic and postoperative data from patients undergoing laparoscopic splenic flexure resection were analyzed to asses...

PURPOSE Few studies about laparoscopic surgery for splenic flexure colon cancer have been published. This study aims to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for splenic flexure colon cancer with those of conventional open surgery. METHODS From January 2004 to December 2010, 51 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for stages I-III splenic flexure c...

mucous coat seen through the thinned outer coats ; mucous membrane congested and thickened, especially along free border of colon; in sigmoid flexure thickening is all round, and congestion most intense, thickening from interstitial deposit, ulceration in different stages; ulcers from 4 to 5 lines by 2 lines broad, placed transversely along whole length of colon; one large ulcer placed in sigmo...

This paper presents a summary of the tests performed within a VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards) round robin to examine the measurement of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness using four different test methods based on: End Notched Flexure (ENF), Stabilised End Notched Flexure (SENF), End Loaded Split (ELS), and four point End Notched Flexure (4ENF) carbon fibre r...

Lens flexure and residual astigmatism were evaluated with rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses made in low, medium, and high oxygen permeable (Dk) materials to determine if significant differences would be apparent as lens Dk was changed. Fourteen successful RGP contact lens wearers had their customary lens parameters, including lens thickness, held constant in duplicate pairs made in low (...