Toppling of individual rock blocks resting on an inclined surface has often been observed in nature. This instability mechanism typically analysed for simple block geometries, considering the contact between and base where it lies is a planar surface. In this study, authors analyse case regularly rough To do that, resort to analytical limit equilibrium formulations, laboratory physical models d...

In one-component Abelian sandpile models, the toppling probabilities are independent quantities. This is not the case in multicomponent models. The condition of associativity of the underlying Abelian algebras imposes nonlinear relations among the toppling probabilities. These relations are derived for the case of two-component quadratic Abelian algebras. We show that Abelian sandpile models wi...

Si3N4/BN fibrous monoliths were prepared with 4 wt% Y2O3 added as a sintering aid to the Si3N4. Residual carbon, present in the billet before hot-pressing, was shown to influence the final microstructure. The sintering aid glass, known to migrate into the BN cell boundaries during hotpressing, was not sufficient in quantity to prevent premature shear failure when samples were tested in flexure....

Toppling is a common deformation and failure phenomenon in the reservoir bank slopes of hydropower projects. This paper studies genesis evolution different toppling bodies during water impoundment at Miaowei Hydropower Station Reservoir on Lancang River southwest China. properties were determined second characteristics analyzed stages. Different degrees primarily affected by transverse bending ...

The Nandongzi landslide occurred in the Yanshan region of North China. From 2017, slope has been significantly deformed after several excavations. Field investigations show that is a special toppling deposit does not have basic conditions. deformation mechanism become difficult issue for engineers, attracting attention scientists. Joint, surface, and borehole lithology surveys revealed surface ...

In this study, we conducted small-scale physical modeling tests to consider the impact of infiltration rainfall in order investigate processes involved wedge slope deformation and failure. The experiments were under controlled conditions intersection angle half-wedge angle. observations obtained during each stage failure used explain how gravity varies on slopes infer influences results indicat...

We study an extension of the chip-firing game. A given set of admissible moves, called Yamanouchi moves, allows the player to pass from a starting configuration α to a further configuration β. This can be encoded via an action of a certain group, the toppling group, associated with each connected graph. This action gives rise to a generalization of Hall-Littlewood symmetric polynomials and a ne...