INTRODUCTION Foam sclerotherapy has gained a great popularity among phlebologists worldwide, although a major lack of homogeneity in the material used to produce sclerosant foam (SF) and to inject SF has been reported. AIMS To highlight the literature data and a few personal clinical and experimental outcomes concerning the main variables in SF production and injection. METHODS A review of ...

The use of natural gas as an energy source is increasing significantly due to its low greenhouse emissions. However, the common methods storage and transportation, such liquefied or compressed gas, are limited in their applications because they require extreme conditions. Gas hydrate technology can be a promising alternative conventional approaches, artificially synthesized hydrates provide eco...

During oilfield development, there exist multi-cycle gas–water mutual displacement processes. This means that a cycling process such as water driving gas–gas driving water–water driving gas is used for the operation of injection and production in a single well (such as foam huff and puff in single well or water-bearing gas storage). In this paper, by using coreand micro-pore scales model, we st...

The enhanced oil recovery mechanisms in fractured reservoirs are complex and not fully understood. It is technically challenging to quantify the related driving forces their interaction matrix fractures medium. Gravity capillary play a leading role process of reservoirs. This study aims performance EOR methods using dimensionless numbers. A systematic approach consisting design experiments, sim...

In this study, a 1-D transient state mechanistic model of cuttings transport with foam in inclined wells has been developed. The model is solved numerically to predict the optimum foam flow rate (liquid and gas rate) and rheological properties that would maximize cuttings transport efficiency in inclined wells. A detailed sensitivity analysis of the effect of gas and liquid flow rates, drilling...

In the Lost Foam Casting process, melting point temperature of metal, as well as volume and rate of the foam degradation have significant effect on the mold filling pattern. Therefore, gas generation capacity and gas gap length are two important parameters for modeling of mold filling time of the lost foam casting processes. In this paper, the gas gap length at the liquidfoam interface for a lo...

The ability of foam to control the gas mobility in porous media is determined in part by the trapped (stationary) fraction of foam, Xt. The common approach to determining Xt is to replace some part of the gas by a “tracer gas” during the steady-state stage of the experiments and fitting the effluent data to a capacitance mass-transfer model. Diffusion between bubbles is quantified by the film p...

This investigation presents the effect of various parameters on foam stability and its rheological properties. The underlying idea of this experiment is generating of drilling foam with uniform bubbles. The main problem of foam using is controlling its stability during field application. The most important parameters which cause Instability in foam are gravity drainage, gas diffusion and bu...

Simultaneous assessment of the spectroscopic absorption signal of gas enclosed in a scattering medium and the corresponding optical path length of the probing light is demonstrated using a single setup. Sensitive gas absorption measurements are performed by a tunable diode laser using wavelength-modulation spectroscopy, while the path length is evaluated by the frequency-modulated cw technique ...