Since the discovery of the protein product of the ob/ob gene, leptin, knowledge of the neurochemical pathways involved in the regulation of feeding has increased enormously. Our understanding of the mechanisms regulating food intake in man has also progressed greatly over a similar time span. Previous research into the regulation of food intake has largely proceeded through a reductionist appro...

Appetite regulates by a complex system of central and peripheral signals which interact in order to modulate ingestion response. A number of peptides comprise a complex network that regulates feeding behavior in vertebrates. This review is focused on the main neurotransmitters and peptides that influence feeding responses in mammals and birds. On the basis of literature review, there are severa...

Introduction Some 50 years ago, Gordon Kennedy introduced the hypothesis that body fat stores are subject to homeostatic regulation through a process in which afferent signals generated in proportion to body fat mass provide negative feedback to brain areas involved in the control of food intake (1). He further proposed that the central nervous system response to this input is fundamentally cat...

This review presents 4 lines of evidence supporting a role for proteins in the regulation of food intake and maintenance of healthy body weights. It is concluded that the protein content of food, and perhaps its source, is a strong determinant of short-term satiety and of how much food is eaten. Although the role of protein in the regulation of long-term food intake and body weight is less clea...

BACKGROUND: Neurotransmitters (NTS) are endogenous chemicals secreted from neural terminals into the synaptic cleft of the chemical neurons in order to affect their receptors. NTS play vital physiological role as st...

Goldfish were trained to press a lever. This response was followed by the delivery of a pellet of food. The fish were then allowed continuous access to the lever under controlled conditions, and their food intake was measured. Goldfish distribute their feeding responses fairly evenly over time, within the limits of the lighting cycle. Some fish eat mainly at night, some during the day, and othe...

Obesity etiology encompasses several factors; many of which are related with nutrition and behavioral disorders, endocrine alterations, drug use, neurologic and genetic diseases. The intriguing “fat epidemic”, with its staggering ever-growing numbers, has been the focus of speculation regarding the true reasons for its expansion, since sedentary lifestyle and changes in diets with fat intake al...

A robust finding in eating research is the so-called counterregulation in restrained eaters. This means that while normal subjects eat less during a taste test, after they consumed a preload, restrained eaters consume more. An explanation is that food exposure causes stronger physiological preparatory reactivity in the restrained eaters. This reactivity is experienced as craving and leads to an...

Klockars, A. 2014. Non-caloric regulation of food intake. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1007. 54 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-8966-3. Food intake is shaped by environmental, endocrine, metabolic, and reward-related signals. A change in appetite is an outcome of integration of the relevant external and intern...

Obesity etiology encompasses several factors; many of which are related with nutrition and behavioral disorders, endocrine alterations, drug use, neurologic and genetic diseases. The intriguing “fat epidemic”, with its staggering ever-growing numbers, has been the focus of speculation regarding the true reasons for its expansion, since sedentary lifestyle and changes in diets with fat intake al...