The Sumatran orangutan is currently listed by the IUCN as critically endangered and the Bornean species as endangered. Unless effective conservation measures are enacted quickly, most orangutan populations without adequate protection face a dire future. Two main strategies are being pursued to conserve orangutans: (i) rehabilitation and reintroduction of ex-captive or displaced individuals; and...

nowadays because of various factors, including inappropriate land use, and indiscriminate exploitation of water resources, soil and vegetation, wide areas of the country were exposed to destruction of lands and desertification. therefore dealing with this situation requires a comprehensive land use program (water and land) and appropriate environment potency. the study area is patom district of...

Establishing legal protection for forest areas is the most common policy used to limit forest loss. This article evaluates the effectiveness of seven Indonesian forest protected areas introduced between 1999 and 2012. Specifically, we explore how the effectiveness of these parks varies over space. Protected areas have mixed success in preserving forest, and it is important for conservationists ...

However, in 1988 the National Forest Policy heralded a significant shift in forest policy by acknowledging the needs and interests of local communities concerning their utilization of forest resources, and involving them in the protection and regeneration of forests. However, deforestation and violation of local community interests continued, due to the conflict between conserving endangered na...

Patrick C. Tobin*, Barry B. Bai, Donald A. Eggen and Donna S. Leonard Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA; Oregon Department of Agriculture, Plant Division, Salem, Oregon 97301, USA; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, Division of Forest Pest Management, Middletown...

The effect of fallow on Longidorus americanus, a nematode associated with stunting of loblolly pine seedlings in Georgia, USA Stephen W. FRAEDRICH 1,∗, Michelle M. CRAM 2 and Stanley J. ZARNOCH 3 1 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA 2 USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA 3 USDA Forest Service,...

Influence of Tylenchorhynchus ewingi on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, and host suitability of legumes and small grains Stephen W. FRAEDRICH 1·*, Michelle M. CRAM 2, Zafar A. HANDOO 3 and Stanley J. ZARNOCH 4 1 Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Athens, GA 30602, USA 2 Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA 30602, USA 3 USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nema...

BRIAN H. HILL* , FRANK H. M CCORMICK , BRET C. HARVEY , SHERRI L. JOHNSON , MELVIN L. WARREN AND COLLEEN M. ELONEN* *U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, U.S.A. U. S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID, U.S.A. U. S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Arcata, CA, U.S.A. U. S. Forest Service, Forestry Sciences ...

C. A. Bates, Georgia Forestry Commission, Statesboro, GA 30461; S. W. Fraedrich, U.S. Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Athens, GA 30602; T. C. Harrington, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; R. S. Cameron, Georgia Forestry Commission, Statesboro, GA 30461; R. D. Menard, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Pineville, LA 71360...