Quantification of fossil fuel CO2 emissions at fine space and time resolution is emerging as a critical need in carbon cycle and climate change research. As atmospheric CO2 measurements expand with the advent of a dedicated remote sensing platform and denser in situ measurements, the ability to close the carbon budget at spatial scales of approximately 100 km2 and daily time scales requires fos...

This study examines the potential change in primary emissions and energy use from replacing the current U.S. fleet of fossil-fuel on-road vehicles (FFOV) with hybrid electric fossil fuel vehicles or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV). Emissions and energy usage are analyzed for three different HFCV scenarios, with hydrogen produced from: (1) steam reforming of natural gas, (2) electrolysis powe...

Atmospheric CO2 inversion studies infer surface sources and sinks from observations and models. These studies usually require determination of the fossil fuel component of the observation, which can be estimated using anthropogenic tracers such as CO. The objective of this study is to demonstrate a new CO tracer method that accounts for overlapping forest fire and photochemical CO influences, a...

[1] Radiocarbon levels in annual plants provide a means to map out regional and continental-scale fossil fuel plumes in surface air. We collected corn (Zea mays) across North America during the summer of 2004. Plants from mountain regions of western North America showed the smallest influence of fossil fuel-derived CO2 with a mean D C of 66.3% ±1.7%. Plants from eastern North America and from t...

China has invested heavily on alternative energy, but the effectiveness of such energy sources at substituting the dominant coal-fired generation remains unknown. Here we analyse the displacement of fossil-fuel-generated electricity by alternative energy, primarily hydropower, and by trans-provincial imported electricity in China between 1995 and 2014 using two-way fixed-effects panel regressio...

A nuchal bone and a first left costal bone from two different individuals represent the first fossil record for the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin. The bones are from a Pleistocene deposit at Edisto Beach, Colleton County, South Carolina, a locality that is within the present range of M. terrapin. Fossil Chrysemys nelsoni recovered from the same deposit indicate that the ranges of Ch...

We study changes in fossil fuel and non-fossil energy use and carbon dioxide emissions induced by carbon taxes. We develop a partial energy equilibrium model with capital and labor as production factors, and endogenous technological change through learning by doing and learning through research, distinguishing between private and public innovations. Our model reproduces the learning curves typi...

Energy and environmental issues are among the major concerns facing the global community today. Transportation fuel represents a large proportion of energy consumption, not only in the US, but also worldwide. As fossil fuel is being depleted, new substitutes are needed to provide energy. Ethanol, which has been produced mainly from the fermentation of corn starch in the US, has been regarded as...

Due to limited energy resources, high energy demand and constrict emission norms led the researchers to find alternative fuel for IC engines. Due to the fossil fuel crisis, the development of alternative fuel technologies has drawn more attraction to deliver the replacement of fossil fuel. Many alternative fuels have been developed and commercialized like alcohols, biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc. pyro...

This synthesis discusses the emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production. While much is known about these emissions, there is still much that is unknown about the details surrounding these emissions. This synthesis explores our knowledge of these emissions in terms of why there is concern about them; how they are calculated; the major global efforts on inventor...