Two main effects are proposed to explain biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships: niche complementarity and selection effects. Both can be functionally defined using the functional diversity (FD) and functional identity (FI) of the community respectively. Herein, we present results from the first tree diversity experiment that separated the effect of selection from that of complementar...

Given a stream with frequencies fd, for d ∈ [n], we characterize the space necessary for approximating the frequency negative moments Fp = ∑ |fd|, where p < 0 and the sum is taken over all items d ∈ [n] with nonzero frequency, in terms of n, , andm = ∑ |fd|. To accomplish this, we actually prove a much more general result. Given any nonnegative and nonincreasing function g, we characterize the ...

The fruit diameter (FD), length (FL), peduncle (FPL), weight (FW) and index (FI, FL/FD) are important quantitative traits in wolfberry fruit, also one of the most goals variety breeding; however, inheritance these has not been studied to date. In this study, genetic analysis five was undertaken for four pairs F1 hybrid populations (CI, CII, CIII CIV) using major gene polygene mixed model. resul...

Abstract Background Frailty is a state of dysregulation in multiple physiological systems and vulnerability to stressors. Many frailty identification tools exist that differ their conceptualisation vis-à-vis morbidity, disability, cognition, other geriatric assessment dimensions. We compared the ability four different predict 8-year mortality TILDA. Methods included TILDA Wave 1 (2010) particip...

Let f1, . . . , fd be an orthogonal basis for the space of cusp forms of even weight 2k on Γ0(N). Let L(fi, s) and L(fi, χ, s) denote the L-function of fi and its twist by a Dirichlet character χ, respectively. In this note, we obtain a “trace formula” for the values L(fi, χ,m)L(fi, n) at integers m and n with 0 < m, n < 2k and proper parity. In the case N = 1 or N = 2, the formula gives us a c...

The purpose of this study was to determine the types errors and causes made by students in solving HOTS type questions for SPLTV material based on Newman's procedure terms cognitive style class X Senior High School number six Denpasar. method research is a qualitative method. data collected means test, GEFT, interviews, documentation. subjects were IPA 1 SMA Negeri 6 Denpasar which then grouped...

Let f(x) = ax+bx+c ∈ Z[x] be a quadratic polynomial with a ̸≡ 0 mod p. Take z ∈ Fp and let Oz = {fi(z)}i∈Z+ be the orbit of z under f , where fi(z) = f(fi−1(z)) and f0(z) = z. For M < |Oz|, We study the diameter of the partial orbit OM = {z, f(z), f2(z), . . . , fM−1(z)} and prove that there exists c1 > 0 such that diam OM & min { Mp c1 , 1 log p M 4 5p 1 5 ,M 1 13 log logM } . For a complete or...

In [D1, Thm. 8.4], Deligne proved the following beautiful estimate for exponential sums in n ≥ 1 variables. Given a polynomial f(x1, . . . , xn) in n variables over k of some degree d ≥ 1, write it as f = Fd + Fd−1 + · · · F0 with Fi homogeneous of degree i. Suppose that the following two conditions are satisfied. (1) The degree d is prime to p := char(k). (2) The locus Fd = 0 is a nonsingular ...

Assessing freezing community response and whether freezing resistance is related to other functional traits is essential for understanding alpine community assemblages, particularly in Mediterranean environments where plants are exposed to freezing temperatures and summer droughts. Thus, we characterized the leaf freezing resistance of 42 plant species in 38 plots at Sierra de Guadarrama (Spain...

Context Low levels of nonandrogenic anabolic hormones have been linked with frailty, but evidence is conflicting and prospective data are largely lacking. Objective To determine associations between nonandrogenic anabolic hormones and prospective changes in frailty status. Design/Setting A 4.3-year prospective observational study of community-dwelling men participating in the European Male ...