Pain represents a frequent symptom in various psychiatric disorders ranging from so called psychogenic or somatoform disorders to depression, to schizophrenia and to organic brain syndromes including dementia. Th alamic lesions are long known to induce painful symptoms. Th e cortex is involved in pain awareness. Th e locus coeruleus modulates pain perception. Various facets of pain in a range o...

the purpose of this paper is to study the fuzzy fractional differentialequations. we prove that fuzzy fractional differential equation isequivalent to the fuzzy integral equation and then using this equivalenceexistence and uniqueness result is establish. fuzzy derivative is considerin the goetschel-voxman sense and fractional derivative is consider in theriemann liouville sense. at the end, we...

Based on the recently introduced fractional Taylor’s formula, a fractional heat conduction constitutive equation is formulated by expanding the single-phase lag model using the fractional Taylor’s formula. Combining with the energy balance equation, the derived fractional heat conduction equation has been shown to be capable of modeling diffusion-to-Thermal wave behavior of heat propagation by ...

This paper proposes a method of discovering some kinds of di erential equations with interval coe cients, which characterize or explain numerical data obtained by scienti c observations and experiments. Such numerical data inevitably involve some ranges of errors, and hence they are represented by closed intervals in this paper. Based on these intervals, we design some interval inclusions which...

Edema is defi ned as abnormal accumulation of fl uid in the interstitium. Diff erential diagnosis of generalized edema is very broad. Most often, renal and cardiac causes lead to generalized edema. The potential gastrointestinal causes of edema are liver failure and protein losing enteropathy including celiac disease and protein malnutrition. Generalized edema is rarely an initial manifestation...

Solvability of forward–backward stochastic di erential equations with nonsmooth coe cients is considered using the Four-Step Scheme and some approximation arguments. For the onedimensional case, the existence of an adapted solution is established for the equation which allows the di usion in the forward equation to be degenerate. As a byproduct, we obtain the existence of a viscosity solution t...

In this paper, the fractional partial differential equations are defined by modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. With the help of fractional derivative and fractional complex transform, these equations can be converted into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. By using solitay wave ansatz method, we find exact analytical solutions of the space-time fractional Zakharov Kuz...

This paper address a new vision for the generalized Mittag-Leffler stability of the fractional differential equations. We mainly focus on a new method, consisting of decomposing a given fractional differential equation into a cascade of many sub-fractional differential equations. And we propose a procedure for analyzing the generalized Mittag-Leffler stability for the given fractional different...

In this survey we recall the results obtained in [16] where we gave a representation theorem for the solutions of stochastic di¤erential equations in Hilbert spaces. Using this representation theorem and the deterministic characterizations of exponential stability and uniform observability obtained in [16], [17], we will prove a result of Datko type concerning the exponential dichotomy of stoch...

in this paper, operational matrices of riemann-liouville fractional integration and caputo fractional differentiation for shifted jacobi polynomials are considered. using the given initial conditions, we transform the fractional differential equation (fde) into a modified fractional differential equation with zero initial conditions. next, all the existing functions in modified differential equ...