We develop the rst explicit procedures for exact envy-free chore division for 4 or more players. We also give a simple 3-person procedure. Our 4-person moving-knife scheme and n-person discrete algorithm are accomplished by exploiting a notion of \irrevocable advantage" for chores, and are motivated by similar solutions for cake-cutting by Brams, Taylor, and Zwicker. We discuss the diierences b...

We introduce a generalized cake-cutting problem in which we seek to divide multiple cakes so that two players may get their most-preferred piece selections: a choice of one piece from each cake, allowing for the possibility of linked preferences over the cakes. For two players, we show that disjoint envy-free piece selections may not exist for two cakes cut into two pieces each, and they may no...

AIM The current in vitro study was carried out to determine the chemical composition and inclusion level of lime treated olive cake on acid detergent fiber (ADF) replacement basis in adult male goats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude olive cake was collected and evaluated for proximate composition and protein fractionation. It was treated with 6% lime and incubated for 1 week under room temperatur...

Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product ca...

Background: The presence of gluten proteins in rice flour leads to some problems for patients of celiac; a digestive autoimmune disease. Consumption of a non-gluten regime can decrease the effects of this disease. The aim of this study was to produce a non-gluten cake with an appropriate quality and high nutritional value by using rice flour, quinoa flour, Persian gums, and Tragacanth. Methods...

Induction of systemic resistance by neem cake (Azadirachta indica) and endophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a plant growth promoting bacterium, was evaluated in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under salinity stress and fungal infection. The combination of biocontrol agent and organic matter induced tolerance against fungal infection (Macrophomina phaseolina) and salinity stress (EC= 17.3 dS, m) by...

background: oxidation of lipids causes reduction of different properties of products that contains lipids. nowadays, there is a growing demand for the natural antioxidants due to the harmful effects of synthetic antioxidants such as bha, bht and tbhq. objective: in this study, extract of aerial parts of echinacea purpurea l. was used instead of synthetic antioxidants in cake then, antioxidant a...

Cold-pressed canola cake is a coproduct of biodiesel production that contains more residual oil than expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted canola meal. Cold-pressed canola cake might be an attractive feedstuff for swine due to local availability from small plants. However, the nutritional quality and content of anti-nutritional factors of cold-pressed canola cake are poorly defined and vary wi...

 Background: Oxidation of lipids causes reduction of different properties of products that contains lipids. Nowadays, there is a growing demand for the natural antioxidants due to the harmful effects of synthetic antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and TBHQ. Objective: In this study, extract of aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea L. was used instead of synthetic antioxidants in cake then, ant...