Constructed wetlands are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative onsite wastewater treatment technology in many areas of the U.S. This paper documents a sample collection study and statistical analysis of five such residential constructed wetlands over seasonal variations. Results of the data analysis show that constructed wetlands can reduce organic content and coliform appreciably, an...

ِdfferent drip (surface and subsurface) and furrow irrigation methods effects on grain, oil and water use efficiency based on grain black cumin(nigella sativa l.) as medicinal plants was investigated. for this purpose, experiment over the past two years (2009 and 2010) in a randomized complete block was designed in three replications. treatments in this research were consisting of 50, 75 and 100...

In-situ burning (ISB) is one of the most effective means removing oil spilled over open water. While current ISB practices can eliminate a large fraction oil, they still result in significant airborne emissions particulate matter. ISBs are classified as large, free-buoyant pool fires, from which black smoke consisting matter (PM, soot) emanates plume. An experimental investigation soot fires (P...

abstract this study was conducted to determine the impacts of different drip irrigation method and amount of water on yield and water use efficiency of tomato in varamin agricultural research center, iran. the study was done during two years. experimental design was randomized complete blocks design (rcbd) in split plot with three replications. three different drip irrigation method; surface dr...

Florida’s coastal environment is especially vulnerable to nonpoint source pollution for two reasons. One, the extent of the karst nature of the platform allows great interaction between ground and surface waters. Second, the low gradient of the land results in high water tables. Both of these factors result in poor attenuation of contaminants in the subsurface, and the release of nutrients and ...

[1] We explore the mechanisms whereby groundwater influences terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the Amazon using GRACE observations and two contrasting versions of the LEAF-Hydro-Flood hydrological model: one with and the other without an interactive groundwater. We find that, first, where the water table is shallow as in northwestern Amazonia and floodplains elsewhere, subsurface stores (vados...

Fieldworkers (FWs) are community members employed by research teams to support access to participants, address language barriers, and advise on culturally appropriate research conduct. The critical role that FWs play in studies, and the range of practical and ethical dilemmas associated with their involvement, is increasingly recognised. In this paper, we draw on qualitative observation and int...

[1] Carbon dynamics in peatlands are controlled, in large part, by their wetness as defined by water table depth and volumetric liquid soil moisture content. A common type of peatland is raised bogs that typically have a multiple-layer canopy of vascular plants over a Sphagnum moss ground cover. Their convex form restricts water supply to precipitation and water is shed toward the margins, usua...

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined whether declines over time in hand-grip strength (HGS) and fast walking speed (FWS) differ by sex and age among non-Western community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to quantify changes in HGS and FWS over the 6-year period from 1994 to 2000 and examine whether these changes differed by sex and baseline age among older individuals in a Japanese commu...