Paleontologists have long faced a daunting obstacle to their research: Fossils are usually embedded in rock. To manually wrench the fossils out, scientists use an array of tools, from needles to dentist’s drills to dissolving acids, often with destructive results. Swedish paleozoologist Erik Jarvik, for example, famously took 25 years to create a precise, anatomically correct 3D wax model of th...

In this paper we propose an alternative software model for modern computing environments. The new model features the decoupling of software execution from the computer hardware by encapsulating all software execution in an abstraction we call capsules. We treat capsules as first class objects that can be named, controlled, migrated, and replicated. We argue that by putting software execution in...

Widely used methods for phylogenetic inference, both those that require and those that produce alignments, share certain weaknesses. These weaknesses are discussed, and a method that lacks them is introduced. For each pair of sequences in the data set, the method utilizes both insertion-deletion and amino acid replacement information to estimate a pairwise evolutionary distance. It is also poss...

Buddhist environmentalism in its varieties across the world is an integral part of global environmental discourse centered on exploring new planetary ethics for sustainable futures. While recognizing role movements, author this article proposes that observable strength local and advocacy grounded interdependence, even as, canonically, Buddhism does not offer what commonly recognized by scientis...

The topic of the study is to prevent damage ships hulls when sailing in polar waters severe ice conditions, which a dangerous situation that threatens environmental pollution and possible death vessel, its passengers crew. It noted intensive development navigation Arctic regions Russian Federation other requires improvement methods for freeing trapped heavy ice. Navigation vessels conditions ac...