Citizens in many European countries urge that the welfare of farm animals should be improved. Policy-makers propose that this could, at least to some extent, be achieved through increased consumption of animal products produced under labeling schemes guaranteeing higher standards of animal welfare. Yet considerable uncertainties exist about the ability of the market to promote animal welfare. S...

mean labelings are a type of additive vertex labeling. this labeling assigns non-negative integers to the vertices of a graph in such a way that all edge-weights are different, where the weight of an edge is defined as the mean of the end-vertex labels rounded up to the nearest integer. in this paper we focus on mean labelings of some graphs that are the result of the corona operation. in parti...

Improving the usability of government portal sites requires a focus shift from system to user in both research and design. Empirical studies into user behavior are needed to support decisions on navigation, labeling and search systems. This paper presents such a study. Through scenario based interviews data were collected on citizens’ information seeking needs and search strategies. Additionall...

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Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), and let A = {O, I}. A labeling f: V(G) ~ A induces a partial edge labeling f* : E(G) ~ A defined by f*(xy) = f(x), if and only if f(x) = fey), for each edge xy E E(G). For i E A, let vrt:i) = card{v E V(G): ftv) = i} and ep(i) = card{e E E(G): f*(e) i}. A labeling f ofa graph G is said to be friendly if I vrt:O) vrt: I) 1 s: I. If 1 ep(O)...

Biosynthetically directed fractional 13C labeling of the proteinogenic amino acids is achieved by feeding a mixture of uniformly 13C-labeled and unlabeled carbon source compounds into a bioreaction network. Analysis of the resulting labeling pattern enables both a comprehensive characterization of the network topology and the determination of metabolic flux ratios. Attractive features with rega...

Trustworthy eco-labels provide consumers with valuable information on environmentally friendly products and thus promote green consumerism. But what makes an eco-label trustworthy and what can government do to increase consumer confidence? The scant existing literature indicates that low governmental involvement increases confidence. This suggests that government should just provide the basic l...

Chemical modification of proteins provides great opportunities to control and visualize living systems. The most common way to modify proteins is reaction of their abundant amines with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters. Here we explore the impact of amine number and positioning on protein-conjugate behavior using streptavidin-biotin, a central research tool. Dye-NHS modification of streptavidin...