Even today, some types of fuel cells have been already used in practical applications such as combined heat and power generation applications and space vehicle applications. Though research and development activities are still required, the fuel cell technology is one of the most important technologies that allow us to draw the environment friendly society in the twenty-first century. This sect...

This paper proposes a design of power system control in the hybrid electric vehicle. It adopts the isolated DC/DC power converter as the front-end fuel cell and Lithium-ion battery to supply constant voltage. By micro-controller to detect the hybrid power output, and the low-pressure hydrogen storage temperature, and the adjustment of the power output ratio to provide the energy for loading bal...

in recent years, reducing emissions has become an important issue. besides reducing the economic costs, reducing the fuel consumption decreases emissions, pollutant impact and increases society health as well. green vehicle routing problem are a major key to reduce hazardous effects of transportation such as air pollution, greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions, noise and the like. generally, the amoun...

The increasing automobile vehicles and congestions in the world cause critical pollutions such as air and noise. Hence, we need comprehensive measures to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in transportation area. Many researchers have studied the impact of adopting ecofriendly vehicles such as electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and fu...

As use of electric vehicles has been expected to grow, the batteries for the electric vehicles have become critical because the batteries are a key part of the paradigm shift in the automotive industry. However, the demand for electric vehicles has been growing slowly and the electric vehicle battery industry still has internal and external competitions to become a standardized energy source fo...

In the present study, the aim is to optimize full and half toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) in order to minimize the vehicle fuel consumption (FC) in ECE driving cycle. First, the model of both CVTs’ efficiency is presented. The control strategy of CVTs speed ratio based on minimizing the vehicle FC is introduced, and the algorithm of calculating the vehicle FC is shown. Afterw...

In 2002, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) launched FreedomCAR, which is a partnership with automakers to advance high-technology research needed to produce practical, affordable advanced vehicles that have the potential to significantly improve fuel economy in the near-term. Advanced materials (including metals, polymers, composites, and intermetallic compounds) can play an important role in...

Recently, the world is facing energy crisis for non-renewable resources. So people are searching for high efficient energy transformations and way to utilize the alternate energy sources. Fuel cells are an important part in the research. The main aspects of fuel cell research is to reduce the cost and simplifying implementation conditions In recent years, people are moving towards microbiology ...