The decreasing use of fossil fuel power stations has a negative effect on the stability of the electricity systems in many countries. Nuclear power stations have traditionally provided minimal ancillary services to support the system but this must change in the future as they replace fossil fuel generators. This paper explains the development of the four most popular reactor types still in regu...

We apply a heterogenous coefficient spatial autoregressive panel model to explore competition/cooperation by duopoly pairs of German fueling stations in setting prices for diesel and E5 fuel. We rely on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation methodology applied with non-informative priors, which produces estimates equivalent to those from (quasi-) maximum likelihood. We explore station-le...

Pollution at gas stations due to small spills that occur during vehicle refueling have received little attention. We have performed laboratory experiments to assess evaporation and infiltration of fuel spilled onto concrete. Changes in the concrete mass after small amounts of diesel and gasoline were spilled have been analyzed. Variation in humidity, among other parameters, clearly affects the ...

BACKGROUND In the early stages of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, border control measures were taken by quarantine stations to block the entry of infected individuals into Japan and community containment measures were implemented to prevent the spreading. The objectives of this study were to describe these measures and the characteristics of infected individuals, and to assess the measures' effectiveness...

As fuel price continues to rise and retail sales of decrease, the profits gas station owners will continue decline if they cannot accurately identify manage loss meet compliance requirements. For site who operate small medium-sized stations, it is even harder survive in increasingly fierce competition with big franchised do not stop loss. Many factors links can lead a service due special physic...

Hydrogen is an important chemical material that is utilized in a large scale in synthetic chemical industries in modern society. On the other hand, technologies for utilizing hydrogen as clean source of energy are considered to assume an important position in order to overcome problems of lack of energy and environment in future. Hence, fuel cells that store hydrogen and operate using it as fue...