Lack of commitment at the time auction to repayment imminently maturing debt can generate a run on and immediate default. We show that same lack leads other possible self-fulfilling crises, including issuance more depressed prices, or “sudden stop” (forced austerity) in which is sharply curtailed. Both outcomes stem from government's incentive eliminate uncertainty about imminent payments by al...

A core theme of social psychology is that perceivers can shape targets’ future behaviors through self-fulfilling prophecies. Self-fulfilling prophecies occur when perceivers’ false beliefs about targets initiate a sequence of events that ultimately cause targets to exhibit expectancy-consistent behaviors, thereby causing perceivers’ initially false beliefs to become true. This article reviews t...

T he need to focus on increasing patient safety is an issue of which we are all aware. The two major plastic surgery organizations, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) and the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), have actively promoted patient safety in their respective publications, meetings, and public education. In fact, they have urged patients to seek out boa...

From its earliest conception, gene therapy held the promise of correcting inherited diseases by inserting a normal copy of the relevant gene into somatic cells.1 Common monogenic diseases of blood cells, such as sickle cell disease or β-thalassemia, were originally considered important candidates for gene therapy because they were well understood at the molecular level and because the target ce...

Web-based tutoring is very similar to computer-based tutoring with the additional issues of response or download time. This paper addresses if there are software tutors that cover the spectrum of educational subjects. A mapping is presented of top-level Core Knowledge curriculum topics for grades K through 5 with commercially available computer-based tutors. Some of the tutors would be consider...