Cross-references: MP-6.020 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation MP-6.045 Sympathetic Therapy for the Treatment of Pain MP-6.046 Threshold Electrical Stimulation as a Treatment of Motor Disorders MP-6.047 Interferential Stimulation for Treatment of Pain MP-6.049 H-Wave Electrical Stimulation MP-6.050 Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) and Percutaneous Neuromodulation Therapy...

transcranial current stimulation (tcs) is a neuromodulation method in which the patient is exposed to a mild electric current (direct or alternating) at 1-2 ma, resulting in an increase or a decrease in the brain excitability. this modi.cation in neural activities can be used as a method for functional human brain mapping with causal inferences. this method might also facilitate the treatments ...

Lack of neural innervation due to neurological damage renders muscle unable to produce force. Use of electrical stimulation is a medium in which investigators have tried to find a way to restore movement and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Different methods of applying electrical current to modify neuromuscular activity are electrical stimulation (ES), neuromuscular electrica...

[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to design and implement a multichannel dynamic functional electrical stimulation system and investigate acute effects of functional electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris on ankle and knee sagittal-plane kinematics and related muscle forces of hemiplegic gait. [Subjects and Methods] A multichannel dynamic electrical stimulation ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the functional electrical stimulation associated with functional kinesiotherapy alone in patients after ischemic cerebrovascular accident. METHODS The study included 20 patients who were divided into two groups: Group I (GI): functional electrical stimulation plus functional kinesiotherapy and Group II (GII): functional kinesiotherapy. We evaluated active and passive rang...

Several authors have reported functional and therapeutic benefits after the application of electrical stimulation to children with neurological disorders (1-3). A functional movement can be induced by electrical neuromuscular stimulation of the paralysed muscles with intact excitability of their peripheral innervation. A long-term use of electrical neuromuscular stimulation can strengthen the w...

previous studies have shown that electrical stimulation (es) increases blood flow, but the exact mechanisms are not clear. the present study was designed to clarify some of the underlying mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. white adult rabbits lt.-6 months old were used. animals were anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, iv) and skin blood flow in the thoracic back was recorded us...

introduction: although hippocampus is the most famous brain area involved in temporal lobe epilepsy, hippocampal kindling (hk) develops very slowly. hence, rapid kindling is usually preferred to the traditional kindling and it is widely used. in this article we aimed at finding the optimal stimulus pattern, which yields the fastest hk rate. methods: stimulus patterns with different duration (2,...

In this paper, the facial expression is mainly focused to achieve the smooth tele-communications. The facial expressions has been considered as a most of the signi cant factors in tele-communications, such as tele-services. To realize the real time facial expression transportation system, we proposed the facial expression space (FES) and a correspondence technique between each personal facial e...

This document defines the forwarding element (FE) model used in the Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) protocol. The model represents the capabilities, state, and configuration of forwarding elements within the context of the ForCES protocol, so that control elements (CEs) can control the FEs accordingly. More specifically, the model describes the logical functions that are pres...