Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is known as a technique for restoring lost motor functions in paralysis patients. In this study we developed an FES controller by employing simple adaptive control (SAC), and verified it on a young healthy man. The controller did not need the complicated adjustment.

Knowledge of the effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of different intensity on postural stability during walking in healthy subjects is necessary before these relationships in patients with postural disorders can be assessed and understood. We examined healthy subjects in Control group walking on a treadmill for 40 min and in FES group-provided with 30 min of stimulation, which i...

Lack of neural innervation due to neurological damage renders muscle unable to produce force. Use of electrical stimulation is a medium in which investigators have tried to find a way to restore movement and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Different methods of applying electrical current to modify neuromuscular activity are electrical stimulation (ES), neuromuscular electrica...

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) provides a good possibility to activate paralysed muscles and it has been shown to elicit substantial physiological and health benefits. For successful application of FES, a perfect symbiosis of the bike and the pilot has to be achieved. The road to the Cybathlon 2016 describes the different pieces needed for FES cycling in spinal cord injury. The systema...

Recent studies have shown that functional electrical stimulation (FES) therapy can improve the motor recovery and range of the motion of stroke patients. The state-of-the-art functional electrical stimulators are open-loop control systems, i.e., the controller is unaware of the patient’s posture and progress during the therapy. In this research, we have developed a closed-loop Newton/GMRES nonl...

Functional electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometry (FES-LCE), which is often used as exercise for people with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) has been recently applied in the motor rehabilitation of stroke patients. Recently completed studies show controversial results, but with a tendency to positive training effects. Technology involved at the moment is identical to the one used in FES-LCE for SC...

There are some Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) systems that restore upper limb functions in tetraplegia. Surface electrodes [1], percutaneous intramuscular electrodes [2] and totally implantable electrodes [3] are used for stimulation in these neuroprostheses. The FESMATE system, developed by the Sendai FES Projects in Japan, is a portable multi-channel FES system with percutaneous elec...

This paper describes the modification and instrumentation of standard parallel bars to allow for the measurement of applied forces on both horizontal bars in three dimensions. This measurement system has been used in the development and evaluation of functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices for standing and gait restoration in paralyzed patients. Real-time measurement of forces applied b...

Functional electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometry (FES-LCE), which is often used as exercise for people with spinal cord injury (SCI), has recently been applied in the motor rehabilitation of stroke patients. Recently completed studies show controversial results, but with a tendency to positive training effects. Current technology is identical to that used in FES-LCE for SCI, whereas the pa...

Several authors have reported functional and therapeutic benefits after the application of electrical stimulation to children with neurological disorders (1-3). A functional movement can be induced by electrical neuromuscular stimulation of the paralysed muscles with intact excitability of their peripheral innervation. A long-term use of electrical neuromuscular stimulation can strengthen the w...