introduction: the most important subcutaneous fungal infections in man are caused by injury due to contaminated thistles and thorns. from an epidemiological point of view , it is important to recognize the fungi as well as their frequency of them in various thistles and thorns methods: the present research has been conducted on thorns and thistles of 16 regions including cities and villages of ...

Most hypovirulence in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, is associated with infection by fungal viruses in the family Hypoviridae. Hypovirulence has controlled chestnut blight well in some locations in Europe and in Michigan in the United States. In contrast, with few exceptions, biological control has failed almost completely in eastern North America. Therapeutic treatment o...

Criconemella xenoplax, Fusarium solani, and F. oxysporum caused necrosis of Nemaguard peach feeder roots in greenhouse tests. Root necrosis was more extensive in the presence of either fungus than wtih C. xenoplax alone. Shoot growth and plant height were less for plants inoculated with F. oxysporum or F. solani than for plants inoculated with the fungi plus C. xenoplax. Neither synergistic nor...

Some things about spider silk are difficult to understand.The genetic code for one of the more perplexing types of silk—the strands spiders use to weave their egg cases. Each case must be tough enough to keep out parasites, impermeable to rain and fungus, and breathable while insulating eggs from temperature extremes. These qualities alone would make an impressive fabric.The egg cases may even ...

Initial denitration of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22 produces CO2 and the dead-end product 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (NDAB), OHCNHCH2NHNO2, in high yield. Here we describe experiments to determine the biodegradability of NDAB in liquid culture and soils containing Phanerochaete chrysosporium. A soil sample taken from an ammunition plant contained RD...

The structure and relations of the mesoglea, muscle-fibres, aitd cell layers were examined by several histological techniques. Evidence is given that the muscle-fibres represent specializations of the mesogleal substance, and they are therefore referred to as mesogleal fibres. The longitudinal fibrous system is regularly demonstrable in the body of the animal and the circular system in its tent...

Pleurotus eryngii is a mushroom growing in the Bakhtiari province of Iran and is known as a mountain fungus. The fresh fungus is used as a food, and when dried its powder has been used as an anthelmintic drug. We decided to study the anthelmintic activity of P. eryngii on Hymenolepis nana (cestode) and Syphacia obvelata (nematode), using experimental animals. Water extract of P. eryngii wa...

This study determined the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) alone or combined with diatomaceous earth DEA (a mixture DE + abamectin) against adults and larvae Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). was evaluated at 50 ppm while fungi 1.6 × 105, 106, 107 conidia/kg wheat). Mortalities were assessed after 7 14 days exposu...

Abstract Fusarium wilt ( oxysporum f.sp. cepae) is the most important soil-borne disease in garlic. This pathogen a weak parasite so that it can be controlled through healthy plant cultivation approaches such as use of organic compost fertilizer and soil microbes biological control agents. Gliocladium sp. an antagonist fungus used borne agent. study aims to evaluate effectiveness plus garlic ro...

In Central Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood has a high potential for the production of construction and decorative materials, with aim replacing Norway spruce, oaks, other traditionally used tree species. However, biological resistance wood—to decaying fungi, molds, insects—is low, in damp conditions its must be increased suitable preservatives or modification methods. present e...