BACKGROUND Treatment-naïve patients newly diagnosed with HIV occasionally present with low viral RNA of ≤1'000 copies/ml, raising concerns about viral load underestimation. Because falsely low or undetectable viral loads might lead to inadvertent virus transmission or treatment delays, confirmation of such cases by a sequence-independent viral load test is recommended in Switzerland. METHODS ...

Ensemble classifiers originated in the machine learning community. They work by fitting many individual classifiers and combining them by weighted or unweighted voting. The ensemble classifier is often much more accurate than the individual classifiers from which it is built. In fact, ensemble classifiers are among the most accurate general-purpose classifiers available. We introduce a new ense...

This paper describes techniques developed for conflict detection during plan integration. Agents' intensions are represented with intended goal structure (IGS) and the E-PERT diagrams. Conflicts are classified as goal, plan, and belief conflicts. Before integrating individual plans and detecting plan conflicts, agents first detect and eliminate their goal conflicts by exchanging their IGS. Plan...

We study the renaturation of complementary single-stranded DNAs in a water-phenol two-phase system, with or without shaking. In very dilute solutions, each single-stranded DNA is strongly adsorbed at the interface at high salt concentrations. The adsorption of the single-stranded DNA is specific to phenol and relies on stacking and hydrogen bonding. We establish the interfacial nature of DNA re...

Project scheduling based on probabilistic methods commonly uses the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT). However, practitioners do not widely utilize PERT-based due to difficulty in obtaining historical data for similar projects. PERT has several drawbacks, such as inability update activity dura- tions real time. In reality, changes project conditions related resources have a highly dyna...

Shunting scheduling problems at railway depot can be regarded as a sort of resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). Unlike the normal RCPSPs, however, shunting scheduling problems require that the number of activities which form a project has to be dynamically changed in the problem solving process and some of the activities have to be performed at a prescribed timing, for examp...

The traditional PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) model uses beta distribution as the distribution of activity duration and estimates the mean and the variance of activity duration using “pessimistic”, “most likely” and “optimistic” time estimates proposed by an expert. In the past several authors have modified the original PERT estimators to improve the accuracy. In this paper, on...