human cytomegalovirus is one of the most common pathogenic viruses all over the world. in congenital infection leads to neurologic severe disorders and even death of fetus and in individuals with immunosuppression may also cause severe clinical symptoms. multiple evidence indicate that among several strategies, epitope-based vaccine (evs) that can induce both humoral and cellular immunity respo...

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SBF (Swi4-Swi6 cell cycle box binding factor) and MBF (MluI binding factor) are the major transcription factors regulating the START of the cell cycle, a time just before DNA replication, bud growth initiation, and spindle pole body (SPB) duplication. These two factors bind to the promoters of 235 genes, but bind less than a quarter of the promoters upstre...

Cyclins are key regulatory proteins that, in concert with cyclin-dependent protein kinase subunits (cdks), function to govern critical transitions and/or restriction points during the course of cell cycle progression. Recently, a number of putative mammalian G1 cyclins have been characterized at the molecular level; however, the specific activities of the cyclin/cdk complexes and the precise bi...

background: coeliac disease (cd) is characterized by malabsorption resulting from inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine by an inappropriate immune response to dietary gluten proteins. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cd in our endoscopy unit by taking routine duodenal biopsies during upper gi endoscopy. materials andmethods: nine hundred and thirteen pati...

infectious bursal disease (ibd), a highly contagious and devastating disease in young chicken, is causedby infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). to improve the immunogenicity of recombinant ibdv subunitvaccine, an attempt was made to find a new way to prepare ibd vaccine containing glycosylated mvp2antigen. firstly, ibdv mvp2 gene (with a nucleic acid sequence encoding b cell epitope of ibdv(...

The use of protein X-ray crystallography for structure-based design of small-molecule drugs is well-documented and includes several notable success stories. However, it is less well-known that structural biology has emerged as a major tool for the design of novel vaccine antigens. Here, we review the important contributions that protein crystallography has made so far to vaccine research and de...

objective: animal studies show that vaccination with epitope-based peptides results in protective immunity. however, immunodominance should be regarded as a major challenge in this area. considering the advantages of epitopic-vaccines against hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, herein, we compared the occurrence of immunodominance following mice immunization with three different hcv epitopic-pep...

In different systems, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) either blocks or promotes cell cycle progression in mid to late G1 phase. Dog thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture constitute a model of positive control of DNA synthesis initiation and G0-S prereplicative phase progression by cAMP as a second messenger for thyrotropin (TSH). The cAMP-dependent mitogenic pathway is unique as it ...

In the past decade, information technology has enabled synergistic advances in key domains of immunological research including the development of diagnostics and vaccines. Computational methods of epitope mapping now play instrumental roles in bench experiments, by facilitating the selection of immunogenic targets and the modeling of downstream cellular responses. In this article, we summarize ...

The function of an antibody is intrinsically linked to the epitope it engages. Clonal clustering methods, based on sequence identity, are commonly used group antibodies that will bind same epitope. However, such methods neglect fact with highly diverse sequences can exhibit similar binding site geometries and engage common epitopes. In a previous study, we described SPACE1, method structurally ...