The cadmium reagent may be prepared from a lithium derivative instead of a Grignard reagent, if desired (19). This sequence may be carried through in a few hours without isolation of intermediates; however, the general utility of the method mas not recognized for several years, possibly on account of experimental difficulties encountered in carrying out these reactions (cf. Section IV). At leas...

We address the problem of state observation for a system whose dynamics may involve poorly known, perhaps even nonlocally Lipschitz functions and whose output measurement may be corrupted by noise. It is known that one way to cope with all these uncertainties and noise is to use a high-gain observer with a gain adapted on-line. The proposed method, while presented for a particular case, relies ...

A numerical simulation of gain measurement performed by using the three-antenna method for an LPDA is presented. The effect of measurement distance on gain calibration is estimated by performing a simulation using the finite integration method. The numerical results also demonstrate the efficacy of considering the phase center for calibration.

The measurement of distance plays an important role in many aspects modern societies. In this paper, absolute method for arbitrary is proposed and demonstrated using mode-resolved spectral interferometry with a gain-switched dual comb. An accuracy 12 µm, when compared to He-Ne fringe counting laser interferometer, displacement up 2.5 m by tuning the repetition frequency comb from 1.1 GHz 1.4 GH...

The aided threshold (and functional gain) has been used as a behavioral verification tool since the early 1960s to document the improvement in hearing sensitivity with hearing aid use. Clinicians judge the adequacy of amplification by examining if the aided threshold reaches a prescribed target value. The functional gain provided by the hearing aids, or the difference in audiometer dial reading...