We make use of the existence of cell-disjoint paths in the 3D grid topology to design a new highly reliable adaptive geographic routing protocol called Grid-based Adaptive Routing Protocol (GARP) for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. In GARP, the underwater environment is viewed as a virtual 3D grid of cells. A packet is forwarded following a pre-constructed routing path from a node in a gri...

5 Introduction Background 6 Comparison of predictive ability between modelling techniques 9 ‘False’ Absences 11 Study area 11 The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) 12 Materials and Methods Data collection 13 Estimating position of sightings 14 Track and surveyed grid cells 14 Presence and Absence cells 15 Data partitioning 16 Ecogeographic data 16 1) PCA-based technique 17 PCA-intra-model ev...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players of immune regulation/dysregulation both in physiological and pathophysiological settings. Despite significant advances in understanding Treg function, there is still a pressing need to define reliable and specific markers that can distinguish different Treg subpopulations. Herein we show for the first time that markers of activated Tregs [latency assoc...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) comprise numerous heterogeneous subsets with distinct phenotypic and functional features. Identifying Treg markers is critical to investigate the role and clinical impact of various Treg subsets in pathological settings, and also for developing more effective immunotherapies. We have recently shown that non-activated FoxP3-Helios+ and activated FoxP3+/-Helios+ CD4+ T ...

Predictive distribution modelling of Berberis aristata DC, a rare threatened plant with high medicinal values has been done with an aim to understand its potential distribution zones in Indian Himalayan region. Bioclimatic and topographic variables were used to develop the distribution model with the help of three different algorithms viz. Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP), Biocl...

Poxviruses such as Vaccinia virus (VACV) undertake a complex cytoplasmic replication cycle which involves morphogenesis through four distinct virion forms, and includes a crucial "wrapping" step whereby intracellular mature virions (IMVs) are wrapped in two additional membranes to form intracellular enveloped virions (IEVs). To determine if cellular retrograde transport pathways were required f...

The wobbler mouse is an animal model for human motor neuron disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The spontaneous, recessive wobbler mutation causes degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons leading to progressive muscle weakness with striking similarities to the ALS pathology. The wobbler mutation is a point mutation affecting Vps54, a component of the Golgi-associated retr...

In melanoma patients, one of the main reasons for tumor immune escape and therapy failure is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, suppressive immune cells and inhibitory factors secreted by the tumor itself play a central role.In the present study we show that the Treg activation marker GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant), known to induce peripheral tolerance in a TGF...

In this work we study the Generalized Arc Routing Problem (GARP) on an undirected graph. In the GARP a given graph is partitioned into clusters and a route is sought that traverses at least one edge of each cluster. Broadly speaking, the GARP is the arc routing counterpart of the Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP). In the GTSP the set of vertices of a given graph is partitioned into ...