[1] This study investigates the impacts of canopy structure specification on modeling net radiation (Rn), latent heat flux (LE) and net photosynthesis (An) by coupling two contrasting radiation transfer models with a two-leaf photosynthesis model for a maturing loblolly pine stand near Durham, North Carolina, USA. The first radiation transfer model is based on a uniform canopy representation (U...

Genomes contain tandem repeats that are at risk of internal rearrangements and a threat to genome integrity. Here, we investigated the behavior of the human subtelomeric minisatellites HRAS1, CEB1, and CEB25 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In mitotically growing wild-type cells, these GC-rich tandem arrays stimulate the rate of gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCR) by 20, 1,620, and 276,000-fold,...

A divide-and-merge approach is introduced for automatic generation of high-level, discrete contact state space, represented as contact state graphs, between two contacting polyhedral solids from their geometric models. Based on the fact that a contact state graph is the union of the subgraphs called a goal-contact relaxation (GCR) graph, the approach consists of algorithms (1) to generate a com...

INTRODUCTION Little is known about the relationships between the T lymphocytes (CD3+) expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) and the response to glucocorticoid treatment in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). The aim of the current study is to determine whether steroid responsiveness is dependent on the amount of T lymphocytes GCR expression. METHODS We studied 60 children...

IEEE 802.11v and 802.11aa are two recent amendments that define new functionalities in order to support a reliable multicast transport over wireless networks. The first amendment introduces directed multicast service (DMS). On the other hand, 802.11aa defines the groupcast with retries (GCR) service, which proposes two retransmission policies: block acknowledgement (GCR-BACK) and unsolicited re...

BACKGROUND Urinary excretions of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase/beta-trace (L-PGDS) probably reflect the increased permeability of injured glomerular capillary walls of the kidney. We tested the hypothesis in cross-sectional and prospective studies that urinary L-PGDS excretions predict renal injury in type-2 diabetes. METHODS (1) In the cross-sectional studies, we evaluated whether ...

[1] Svensmark and Friis-Christensen [1997] (hereinafter referred to as SFC97) proposed a ‘‘galactic cosmic ray (GCR), clouds, and climate’’ hypothesis that cosmic ray flux, modulated by solar activity, may modify global total cloud cover (TCC) and thus global surface temperature by changing the number of ions in the atmosphere and thus the cloud droplet formation. This GCR-TCC hypothesis has be...

Internetworking the mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) with the Internet has been a hot issue for many years. However, most researches have been concentrated on the use of MANETs as the access networks for the Internet. This paper introduces another use of MANETs: backup or load-balancing transit networks for the Internet. Although the MANETs capacity is currently low compared with other backbone ...

Copyright q 2011 Rakesh Kumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We study mixed geodesic GCR-lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Sasakian manifolds and obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for a GCR...

We propose a variant of variable preconditioning for Generalized Conjugate Residual (GCR)-like methods. The preconditioning is carried out by roughly solving Az = v by an iterative method to a certain degree of accuracy instead of computing Kz = v in a conventional preconditioned algorithm. In our proposal, the number of iterations required for computing Az = v is changed at each iteration by e...