Anaesthesia for neurosurgery, especially intracranial operations, requires conditions which maintain the perfusion of the brain with blood. This perfusion results from the cerebral perfusion pressure: the difference between the arterial and the intracranial pressures. Anaesthesia must also facilitate surgical access by reducing brain volume and minimizing surgical haemorrhage. Other common prob...

General anaesthesia is a tetrad of amnesia (unconsciousness), analgesia, control of autonomic reflexes and muscle relaxation. Amnesia (unconsciousness) is usually induced by intra-venous anaesthetic agents and then maintained by using inhalational anaesthetic agents. Analgesia is provided by various analgesic drugs or by regional/peripheral nerve blocks. Muscle relaxation component of general a...