kant’s ethical theory is one the most important theories in philosophy of ethics, which has always attracted the attention of the commentators and critics. although it has many positive points, there are some objections to this theory just as to any other human theory. in this article, it is attempted to point out the critiques that seem to have been leveled against kant’s ethics. some of these...

Parenting was observed in videotaped interactions in 30 families referred for child conduct problems. Generalizability coefficients and the impact of varying numbers of raters were estimated. Two measurement designs were compared: All raters observed all families ("crossed" design) and a different rater observed each family ("nested" design). The crossed design provided higher generalizability ...

Measurement error and reliability are two important psychometric properties for large-scale assessments. Generalizability theory has often been used to identify sources of error and to estimate score reliability. The complicated nature of sparse matrix data collection designs in some assessments, however, can cause challenges in conducting generalizability analyses. The present study examines p...

Through the lens of Heidegger’s analysis of equipment, this study observes ‘software reuse’ – a popular phenomenon in the world. It presents an alternative conceptual view of the software artefact as ‘equipment’. This view provides a theoretical underpinning to this prominent practice to recognize software artefacts, as equipment. Employing the case study method, this study reports preliminary ...

For the results of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and related meta-analyses to be useful in practice, they must be relevant to a definable group of patients in a particular clinical setting. To the extent this is so, we say that the trial is generalizable or externally valid. Although concern about the generalizability of the results of RCTs is often discussed, there are few examp...

Item response theory is usually applied to items with a selected-response format, such as multiple choice items, whereas generalizability theory is usually applied to constructed-response tasks assessed by raters. However, in many situations, raters may use rating scales consisting of items with a selected-response format. This chapter presents a short overview of how item response theory and g...