given a mapping $f:xto x$ we naturally associate to it a monotonic map $gg_f:exp xto exp x$ from the power set of $x$ into itself, thus inducing a generalized topology on $x$. in this paper we investigate some properties of generalized topologies which are defined by such a procedure.

Much attention has focused on the hypothesis that there is enhanced plasticity of sensorimotor circuits in patients with dystonia. A common experimental method to assess plasticity in dystonia research is paired associative stimulation (PAS). Excessive, nonfocal effects of PAS were observed in early studies of dystonia; however, these large effects have not been uniformly replicated. In this vi...

context the current study aimed to review research articles concerning cortical representational plasticity following the manipulations of inputs. evidence acquisition this review article compromised previous studies in pubmed, google scholar and scientific information databases according to the keywords since 1988. results ca1 neurons depolarization paired with ca3 presynaptic input result in ...

A variational formulation of small strain ductile fracture, based on a phase-field modeling crack propagation, is proposed. The an effective stress description gradient plasticity, combined with AT1 model. Starting from established statements finite-step elastoplasticity for generalized standard materials, mixed statement consistently derived, incorporating in rigorous way update both the elast...

A new elasto-plastic thin-shell finite element of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation allowing for large deformation and rotation is proposed based on Kirchhoff–Love theory layered plastic model. The von Mises yield criterion plane-stress with linear isotropic hardening adopted in constitutive description material. Owing to constraint, special treatment should be given stress update algor...

The adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity depends upon the degree of match achieved between phenotype and environment. This match is governed in part by how well organisms discern environmental states (e.g. presence or absence of particular predators). To examine the specificity with which organisms use cues to induce defensive phenotypes, we raised freshwater snails, Physella virgata, with e...

A large variety of synaptic plasticity rules have been used in models of excitatory synaptic plasticity (Brown et al., 1990). These rules are generalizations of the Hebbian rule and have some properties consistent with experimental data on long-term excitatory synaptic plasticity, but they also have some properties inconsistent with experimental data. For example, the BCM rule (Bear et al., 198...

Endoreduplication, the replication of the genome without mitosis, leads to an increase in the cellular ploidy of an organism over its lifetime, a condition termed 'endopolyploidy'. Endopolyploidy is thought to play significant roles in physiology and development through cellular, metabolic, and genetic effects. While the occurrence of endopolyploidy has been observed widely across taxa, studies...

The main aim of this paper is to present an algorithm and the solution to the nonlinear plasticity problems with random parameters. This methodology is based on the finite element method covering physical and geometrical nonlinearities and, on the other hand, on the generalized nth order stochastic perturbation method. The perturbation approach resulting from theTaylor series expansion with unc...

The paper is concerned with the modelling of the heterogeneous and highly stratified Venetian sediment behaviour within a theoretical framework known as Generalized Plasticity. Starting from an existing formulation developed for sands, modifications are introduced into the constitutive equations in order to overcome some limitations of the original model and to develop a simple and reliable pro...