Can a generation’s discounting of future generations’ consumption utilities be interpreted as “pure” altruism towards future generations, that is, a concern that these are better off according to their likewise forward-looking preferences? It turns out that the answer is positive for many but not all discount functions used in the economics literature. In particular, traditional exponential dis...

Search-based optimization methods have been used for software engineering activities such as software testing. In the field of software testing, search-based test data generation refers to application of meta-heuristic optimization methods to generate test data that cover the code space of a program. Automatic test data generation that can cover all the paths of software is known as a major cha...

This research studies the generation gap among the students at Andimeshk Islamic Azad University. More than 305 people were chosen by Cochran Formula in the study. The dependent variable was divided to four dimensions social, cultural, political and economic. The obtained mean of the study shows there is a meaningful difference between students and their parents (fathers and mothers). It also s...

A few years ago Avetissian {\it et al.} \cite{Avetissian2014,Avetissian2015} discovered that the exponential growth rate of stimulated annihilation photons from a singlet positronium Bose-Einstein condensate should be proportional to square root number density, not density itself. In order elucidate this surprising result obtained via field-theoretical analysis, we point out basic physics invol...