his study attempts to examine the empirical relationship between gasoline taxes (as the most effective energy carrier of emissions) and labor productivities in the case of Iran using the time series data for the period 1990-2015  usingthe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. This research tests the interrelationship between the variables using the bounds testing to cointegration proc...

abstract the present research accomplished to determination of the trade liberalization effects on import function of iran’s wheat crop using time series data from 1357 to 1387 that earn from sources such as agricultural and aerology statistics annual letter, customhouse and iran central bank website.in this investigation, at first, wheat liberalization index was measured by using level of inte...

Export increases the total demand in society, which turn level of income and more through multiplier. This study investigates from an empirical point view determinants affecting Sudan’s exports during period (1977- 2018). The purpose was to identify interrelation between variables findings can be used for development economy. data obtained annual time series World Bank; input into Auto regressi...

Adiqa Kiani ABSTRACT Using Tornqvist-Theil Index, average annual total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate of all major and minor crops in NWFP is found to be 1.5 percent, during 1969-2004. The marginal internal rate of return to provincial investment in research for TFP growth was in the range of 34 to 42 percent over the same period. Almon distributed lag model has also been estimated, usin...

The role of agriculture has been significantly emphasized in improving the living standard population and economic framework any country. Agriculture an important sector Sri Lanka which contributes 7.4% to GDP, 25.5% total labor force, 20.62% foreign earnings Livelihood Avenue for 2.1 million households Lanka. contribution determinants food, forestry, fishery, livestock: GDP shows a declining t...

Since the opening up of China, its manufacturing sector contributed significantly toward economic development on one hand and caused elevated environmental pollution heavy resource consumption problems other hand. Green productivity is an essential means addressing promoting sustainable performance long-term growth. When factors affecting green total factor energy (GTFEP) are studied in recent ...

the issue of convergence or divergence of productivity has important policy for regional poverty reduction and increasing standards of living. if productivity converges to a common level without intervention, there is little need for explicit policies in lagging regions to promote catch up. on the other hand, productivity has divergence trend, then explicit policies would be needed to prevent f...