conclusions by applying wes, both novel and known scz pathogenic variants with complete or incomplete segregation in the families with multiple cases of schizophrenic patients were identified. background schizophrenia (scz) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by pronounced genetic heterogeneity. much of the genetic architecture of the disorder has not yet been clearly elucidate...

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder with multiple etiologies. Genetic factors are thought to play an important role in the etiology of RSA. With recent advances genetic testing technologies, there has been increasing interest using these tools diagnose This review discusses different types methods, such as karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis, ne...

recently, tremendous studies have been made on psychopathology and treatment of social anxiety disorder. according these studies, several models of etiology have been developed for sad. some concepts that studied include temperamental and genetic factors, environmental factors and learning experiences, social skill deficits, cognitive factors, cultural issues and evolutionary factors. etiologic...

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common and distressing disorder. RPL is a devastating reproductive problem affecting approximately 5% of couples trying to conceive. If we camper the rate of miscarriage in couples may experience RPL with the pregnancy loss rate in general population we may calculate that it is at least two or three times higher than expected. This study aimed to ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether genetic contributions to major depressive disorder and conduct disorder comorbidity are shared with genetic influences on negative emotionality. METHOD Primary caregivers of 2,022 same- and opposite-sex twin pairs 6 to 18 years of age comprised a population-based sample. Participants were randomly selected across five regions in Tennessee, with stratification ...

lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid cah), a rare disorder of steroid biosynthesis, is the most severe form of cah. in this disorder the synthesis of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sex steroids is impaired which result in adrenal failure, severe salt wasting crisis and hyperpigmentation in phenotypical female infants irrespective of genetic sex. in this report, we presented a ...

BACKGROUND Twin studies have lacked statistical power to apply advanced genetic modelling techniques to the search for cognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder. AIMS To quantify the shared genetic variability between bipolar disorder and cognitive measures. METHOD Structural equation modelling was performed on cognitive data collected from 331 twins/siblings of varying genetic relatedn...

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder, with both contribution of genetic and non-genetic factors. A collaboration de novo mutations prenatal postnatal environmental factors are likely to play role. ASD can be syndromic or non-syndromic. The etiology non-syndromic still relatively undefined due its heterogeneity. Contrary ASD, often associate...

anxiety comprises many clinical descriptions and phenotypes. a genetic predisposition to anxiety is undoubted; however, the nature and extent of that contribution is still unclear. extensive genetic studies of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht) transporter (5-htt) gene have revealed how variation in gene expression can be correlated with anxiety phenotypes. complete genome-wide linkage s...

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neuroendocrine genetic disorder resulting from the loss of paternally expressed imprinted genes in chromosome 15q11-q13 [...]