anxiety comprises many clinical descriptions and phenotypes. a genetic predisposition to anxiety is undoubted; however, the nature and extent of that contribution is still unclear. extensive genetic studies of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht) transporter (5-htt) gene have revealed how variation in gene expression can be correlated with anxiety phenotypes. complete genome-wide linkage s...

Today, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is not just a medical issue, but certainly also a complex legal issue, in which lawyers can play an important role by establishing the suitable legal conditions to regulate legal relations by introducing necessary theories. One of the important and controversial issues, which can be approached legally, is the study of the pre-implantation embryo with regard t...

age-related macular degeneration (amd) is the leading cause of blindness in old subjects. it is a multifactorial disease with both environmental and genetic factors playing some role in its pathogenesis. similar to many other genetic diseases, the inheritance pattern of amd does not fit into simple mendelian rules. these diseases are caused by the presence of multiple genetic factors and are ca...

Niche construction is an endogenous causal process in evolution, reciprocal to the causal process of natural selection. It works by adding ecological inheritance, comprising the inheritance of natural selection pressures previously modified by niche construction, to genetic inheritance in evolution. Human niche construction modifies selection pressures in environments in ways that affect both h...

individual differences among human beings are clear and undeniable. many of these differences are due to genetic or environmental factors. in this article, we have studied the individual differences caused by genetic factors according to the quran and the traditions of ahlulbayt (pbuh). this research has been organized by analytic and descriptive approach. after the extraction and classificatio...

Transgenerational sources of biological variation have been at the center of evolutionary studies ever since Darwin and Wallace identified natural selection. This is because evolution can only operate on traits whose variation is transmitted, i.e. traits that are heritable. The discovery of genetic inheritance has led to a semantic shift, resulting in the tendency to consider that only genes ar...