many qtls related to agronomic triats have been registered in soybean (glycine max) by different research groups during the last decade. due to the interaction effects of qtls, environmental and genetic backgrounds on the emergence of qtls and also to confirm the previous results as well as to identify new qtls, further studies are still required. in order to map qtl which control some agronomi...

Genetic linkage analysis is a powerful tool to detect the chromosomal location of disease genes. It is based on the observation that genes that reside physically close on a chromosome remain linked during meiosis. For most neurologic diseases for which the underlying biochemical defect was not known, the identification of the chromosomal location of the disease gene was the first step in its ev...

IIIStatistical properties of the method of lod scores III1. The test procedure III1.1. Impact of non-sequentiality III1.2. Maximization of the lod score over the [0, 1/2] interval III1.3 References III-2. Genotype information III-2.1. Ambiguity in phenotype-genotype relationships at the disease locus III-2.2. Ambiguity in the marker genotype III-2.3. Gamete disequilibrium between alleles at the...

In the present study an extensive amount of data, comprising more than 30,000 offspring in total, was analyzed to evaluate the influence of age and sex on the recombination frequency in the K-PGD segment of the equine linkage group (LG) I and the influence of age, breed and sex on recombination in the ALES segment of LG 11. A highly significant sex difference is reported for both segments. Male...

background: autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (arnshl) is the most common hereditary form of deafness, and exhibits a great deal of genetic heterogeneity. so far, more than seventy various dfnb loci have been mapped for arnshl by linkage analysis. the contribution of three common dfnb loci including dfnb3, dfnb9, dfnb21 and gap junction beta-2 (gjb2) gene mutations in arnshl was in...

Genetic linkage is established by the use of common sires across herds. To compare animals from different environments, herds must have some performance recorded progeny from common animals (typically common sires), which are used to bench mark one herd against another. Genetic linkage is also important within a herd, to compare animals born in different years and raised in different contempora...

Mental retardation (MR) is one of the most frequently found major genetic disorders around the world, affecting 1-3% of the people in the general population. The recent advancement in molecular biology and cytogenetic study has made possible the identification of new genes for a variety of genetic disorders including autosomal recessive MR. Recessive genetic disorders are common in Pakistan due...

This paper reviews and summarizes existing linkage learning techniques for genetic and evolutionary algorithms in the literature. It first introduces the definition of linkage in both biological systems and genetic algorithms. Then, it discusses the importance for genetic and evolutionary algorithms to be capable of learning linkage, which is referred to as the relationship between decision var...