BACKGROUND The 1994 genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda left about one million people dead in a period of only three months. The present study aimed to examine the level of trauma exposure, psychopathology, and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors and former prisoners accused of participation in the genocide as well as in their respective descendants. METHODS A commu...

My name is Charlotte Uwera. I was born in 1969. I studied until primary six. My father was a mason and my mother a cultivator. I am one of six siblings. Three of my siblings died during the genocide and the fourth one faced a normal death. Only my big sister and I survived the genocide. I have nine children of my own and three adopted children. Among those nine children, there is one daughter b...

The field of genocide studies has been marked by a comparative tendency, while at the same time scholarship on the Holocaust has tended to focus on its singularity; the Armenian Genocide has often been treated as representing a ‘‘dress rehearsal’’ for the Holocaust. This article examines the parallels and commonalities, as well as the differences, between the two events, with a view to drawing ...

Although the Nazi genocide of Jews during World War II is well known, the concurrent Nazi genocide of psychiatric patients is much less widely known. An attempt was made to estimate the number of individuals with schizophrenia who were sterilized and murdered by the Nazis and to assess the effect on the subsequent prevalence and incidence of this disease. It is estimated that between 220,000 an...

N cultural and historical factors need to be understood and respected when providing nursing care for Native American elders. For many Native Americans, it is an intrinsic value that elders are wisdom keepers. Elders have successfully navigated the path through unprecedented challenges, including genocide (Brown, 1970; Struthers & Lowe, 2003) and ethnocide (Charney, 1994; Clastres, 1988) of the...

Most people are caring and will exert great effort to rescue individual victims whose needy plight comes to their attention. These same good people, however, often become numbly indifferent to the plight of individuals who are “one of many” in a much greater problem. Why does this occur? The answer to this question will help us answer a related question that is the topic of this paper: Why, ove...

The 1994 Rwandan genocide deeply affected the structure of the population by decreasing the sex ratio, the relative number of men and women. In addition, those living in urban areas with an educated background were more likely to be killed during the mass slaying, which resulted in a loss of human capital (De Walque and Verwimp, 2010). This study uses data from the 2005 Rwanda Demographic and H...

The twentieth century was the bloodiest period in human history. It was plagued by two major world wars and the “cold war” between the West and the Soviet Union, which fought proxy wars in decolonizing and developing countries. In World War I, the Turkish government appalled the world by staging one of the most barbaric massacres in modern times: the death march of the Armenians in Turkey. Neve...

In the case of the Armenian Genocide, action and inaction and the weighing of costs and benefits led to the massive destruction of Armenians during WWI. The Turkish government’s racial discrimination against the Armenians drove them to politically and violently eradicate the Armenians within the Ottoman Empire. The benefit for the Turks from having separatist policies was establishing a pure Tu...

within the former Yugoslavia to identify the missing began the process of returning names to thousands of people. The most striking example was the successful application of a DNA-led identification system for the victims of Srebrenica. To date, almost 4100 individuals related to the Fall of Srebrenica in July of 1995 have been identified, almost all of whom were Bosniaks. Without DNA testing, ...