A MANET is a self configuring infrastructure less networks. It is usually connected by wireless. Each device in a MANET is independently to move in any direction. To maintain neighbor position the geographic location coordinates of the node is a famous method used by most geographic routing protocol for the purpose of periodic broadcasting of beacon packets. If the location information is not a...

Location based routing protocols are the kinds of routing protocols, which use of nodes’ location information, instead of links’ information for routing. They are also known as position based routing. In position based routing protocols, it is supposed that the packet source node has position information of itself and its neighbors and packet destination node. In recent years, many location bas...

In this paper we identify location names that appear in queries written in Indonesian using geographic gazeeter. We built the gazeeter by collecting geographic information from a number of geographic resources. We translated an Indonesian query set into English using a machine translation technique. We also made an attempt to improve the retrieval effectiveness using a query expansion technique...