We investigated aspects of germination and seedling establishment that might influence the distribution and diversity of Carex species growing in the forest understory. We tested the ability of Carex communis and C. platyphylla to germinate and establish at plots where adult individuals of one of these two species, or one of two other Carex species (C. backii and C. plantaginea), occurred in an...

the saprophyte fungi such as penicillium are common microorganisms on oak seed that have negative effects on germination. for isolation and identification species of penicillium associated with chestnut-leaved oak (quercus castaneifolia) seed and investigation the effect of moisture on its frequency, during in autumn 2007 four sampling at any region was selected in gorgan province including: sh...

Colonizing species may often encounter strong selection during the initial stages of adaptation to novel environments. Such selection is particularly likely to act on traits expressed early in development since early survival is necessary for the expression of adaptive phenotypes later in life. Genetic studies of fitness under field conditions, however, seldom include the earliest developmental...

Procedures for asymbiotic germination and seedling development under in vitro ex conditions were investigated Bletilla striata. Five different media (½ P6668 ¬Phytamax Orchid Maintenance Media, ½ Media with coconut water, P723 PhytoTechnology Seed Sowing MS media) culture sphagnum moss examined their effectiveness 8 weeks on seed of B. Germination occurred all media, however, the best rate was ...

Germination experiments with specific germination mutants of Bacillus subtilis, including a newly isolated mutant affected in pressure-induced germination, suggest that a pressure of 100 MPa triggers the germination cascades that are induced by the nutrient germinant alanine (Ala) and by a mixture of asparagine, glucose, fructose, and potassium ions (AGFK), by activating the receptors for alani...

Germination timing influences plant fitness, and its sensitivity to temperature may cause it to change as climate shifts. These changes are likely to be complex because temperatures that occur during seed maturation and temperatures that occur post-dispersal interact to define germination timing. We used the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana to determine how flowering time (which defines seed...

Synthetic seeds were prepared in Malaxis acuminata by encapsulating shoot tip derived protocorm-like bodies (PLBs; 0.2-0.5 cm) a hydrated gel capsule composed of calcium alginate matrix (sodium alginate; 3.5% and chloride; 75 mM) liquid Murashige Skoog, 1962 (MS) medium. varied physical features with the concentration gelling agent chloride. In vitro germination, optimum response was achieved M...

Seed germination is a crucial stage in the life history of a species because it represents the pathway from adult to offspring, and it can affect the distribution and abundance of species in communities. In this study, we examined the effects of phylogenetic, life history and environmental factors on seed germination of 134 common species from an alpine/subalpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan P...

Giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seeds differ in requirements for germination. Variable germinability arises during seed development under the influence of genotype, environment and parent plant. Giant foxtail seed germination has been shown to be regulated by independent asynchronous or dependent synchronous action of seed structures. To gain better insight into the process, germination was divi...