The design and operation of a pulsed quasi-phase-matched periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator in the grazing incidence configuration are described. A narrow bandwidth of 0.3 cm21 is demonstrated over most of the full tuning range of the device. Broad and rapid scanning has been achieved by rotation of a single mirror. Long-term stable operation and a pump-to-signal p...

The ab-plane reflectance of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O81d (Bi-2212) thin films was measured in the 30 25 000 cm21 range for one underdoped (Tc 70 K), and one overdoped sample (Tc 63 K) down to 10 K. We find similar behaviors in the temperature dependence of the normal-state infrared response of both samples. Above Tc , the effective spectral weight, obtained from the integrated conductivity, does not decreas...

Quantitative information on soil loss is relevant for devising conservation and crop management strategies to ensure sustainable fertility production. Estimations from runoff/erosion plots are expensive laborious thus requiring the exploration of other less but reliable methods such as modeling. This study aimed estimate current future rates planning toward production in semi-deciduous forest z...

An intermediate complexity coupled oceanatmosphere-land-ice model, based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modelling System (FMS), has been developed to study mechanisms of oceanatmosphere interactions and natural climate variability at interannual to interdecadal and longer time scales. The model uses the three-dimensional primitive equations for both ocean and atmos...

The climate response to idealized changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration by the new GFDL climate model (CM2) is documented. This new model is very different from earlier GFDL models in its parameterizations of subgrid-scale physical processes, numerical algorithms, and resolution. The model was constructed to be useful for both seasonal-to-interannual predictions and climate change resear...

We investigated the influence of spatial aggregation on modeled forest responses to climate change by applying the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to a fine resolution spatial grid (100 km2) and to a coarse resolution spatial grid (2500 km2). Three climate scenarios were simulated: baseline (present) climate with ambient CO2 and 2 future climates derived from the general circula...

Freebase is a practical, scalable, graph-shaped database of structured general human knowledge, inspired by Semantic Web research and collaborative data communities such as the Wikipedia. Freebase allows public read and write access through an HTTP-based graph-query API for research, the creation and maintenance of structured data, and application building. Access is free and all data in Freeba...

Integrations of coupled climate models with mixed-layer and fixed-current ocean components are used to explore the climatic response to varying magnitudes of ocean circulation. Four mixed-layer ocean experiments without ocean heat transports are performed using two different atmosphere–land components—the new GFDL AM2 and the GFDL Manabe Climate Model (MCM)—and two different sea ice components,...

We present the first observation of a long-lived valence state of H2 close to the ionization threshold, populated in a double resonance laser excitation scheme with extreme ultraviolet radiation in the first step. Level energies of rovibrational states, confined in the outer part of the double-well HHSg potential at a large internuclear distance of 11 a.u., have been determined with an accuracy...

We propose what is, to our knowledge, a novel method of generating tunable narrow-bandwidth picosecond pulses in which the chirp of equally stretched pump and signal is canceled by difference-frequency mixing. The effect of the group-velocity mismatch on the output pulse bandwidth is analyzed. The method is proved experimentally by generation of pulses of 3.3-cm21 bandwidth and 10-ps duration i...