OBJECTIVE Short stature caused by point mutations or deletions of the short stature homeobox (SHOX) gene (SHOX haploinsufficiency (SHI)) is a registered indication for GH treatment. Patients with a SHOX enhancer deletion (SED) have a similar phenotype, but their response to GH is unknown. It is uncertain if duplications of SHOX or its enhancer (SDUP) cause short stature. This study aimed to des...

GH and sex hormones are critical regulators of body growth and composition, somatic development, intermediate metabolism, and sexual dimorphism. Deficiencies in GH- or sex hormone-dependent signaling and the influence of sex hormones on GH biology may have a dramatic impact on liver physiology during somatic development and in adulthood. Effects of sex hormones on the liver may be direct, throu...

In recent years, the analysis and modeling of networks, and also networked dynamical systems, have been the subject of considerable interdisciplinary interest, yielding several hundred papers in physics, mathematics, computer science, biology, economics, and sociology journals (Newman 2003c), as well as a number of books (Barabasi 2002, Buchanan 2002, Watts 2003). Here I review the major findin...

The transition between puberty and adulthood is accompanied by a slowing in linear growth. Although GH is a key factor that drives somatic development into adulthood, early adulthood coincides with a reduction in circulating levels of GH. To this extent, a pathological decline in postpubertal GH secretion is detrimental to attainment of peak lean muscle mass and bone mass and promotes adiposity...

The paper explores the contributions of Roger Bastide (1898-1974) to the field of insanity and mental illness, revisiting his work in social psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology and, sociology of mental disorder. It highlights the interdisciplinary nature that marks Bastide's works, that also include religion, art, literature. The paper presents biographical data and highlights the importance...

The article is written to commemorate the centenary of birth famous historian Russian philosophy and sociology Anatoly Andrianovich Galaktionov (1922-2002), whose life activity for a long time was closely connected with St Petersburg (Leningrad) State University. purpose comprehensive understanding role A. in national historical sociological tradition, as well synthesized assessment his work fr...

THE DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF HUMAN GROWTH hormone (HGH or GH) via Web sites and antiaging clinics has grown into a multimillion-dollar antiaging industry. Despite congressional hearings warning of deceptive marketing claims and the potential health and economic dangers associated with the antiaging industry, and statements issued by the National Institute on Aging and the Federal Trade Com...

In the first part of this paper I established Durkheim’s intense dissatisfaction with the materialism of his earlier work. I demonstrated also how the series of critical reviews of this work embarrassed Durkheim and crystallized his desire to revise his theory. Finally, I showed how a much more subjectivist theory emerged in the 18931896 period. In this second part, I argue that these developme...