Laboratory methods and questionnaires to assess the relative reinforcing value of food (RRV-F) have been developed, but this is the first study to validate an online questionnaire measure of the RRV-F. Participants (281 college students) completed an online survey assessing demographic variables, food preferences, and the RRV-F. A subsample (n=21) also completed a laboratory food choice session...

Ivan Havel remembers when in the late 1970s the Czechoslovakian state police began watching his apartment. For months he had been hosting unofficial science seminars, and the police didn't like it. "It politicized me, says the soft-spoken computer scientist and brother of Czechoslovakian president Vaclav Havel. "The police would check the people who came and ask them to identify 'themselves. Th...

Water quantity and quality joint operation is a new mode in the present dams' operation research. It has become a hot topic in governmental efforts toward integrated basin improvement. This paper coupled a water quantity and quality joint operation model (QCmode) and genetic algorithm with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Together, these tools were used to explore a reasonable operation o...

The Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) is a mercury polluted lake that is located in the West of Iran. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are the most abundant fishes in the SGR. A total of 48 common and silver carps (24 each) were captured randomly, using 50×6 m gill net (mesh size: 5×5 cm) during July to December 2009. Each month, the levels of accumul...

riparian vegetation is a component of river system that performs certain basic functions including primary vegetative production, protecting stream banks from erosion, trapping sediments, promoting water quality, wildlife habitat and fisheris, forage for livestock, etc. in this research, spatio-temporal change of vegetation riparian area of aghbolagh-river as an upstream of karoon-river for 65-...

inter simple sequence repeat (issr) analysis was performed to evaluate genetic diversity and genetic structure of six capoeta trutta populations from two main watersheds in the kurdistan province. fish samples were caught from the choman, shooei, garmab rivers in the choman watershed and from the gheshlagh, gavarood, sirvan rivers in the sirvan watershed. from six used dinucleotide primers, thr...

some biological characteristics of broodstock and juvenile kutum, rutilus kutum. were investigated using data collected from the estuaries of tajen and shirood rivers (tr and sr) (southern caspian sea basin) as well as from the caspian sea in 2012. the results showed higher condition factors (cf) in the male broodstocks kutum than those estimated in the female broodstock of both tr and sr. the ...

A large amount of accurate river cross-section data is indispensable for predicting river stages. However, the measured river cross-section data are usually sparse in the transverse direction at each cross-section as well as in the longitudinal direction along the river channel. This study presents three algorithms to resample the river cross-section data points in both the transverse and longi...